Fig. 5

Changes in gut microbiome wellness and GMWI species abundances in ICU patients. a GMWI increased significantly (P = 0.034, one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test) from T1 to T2. b The chart represents the fold change in relative abundances of GMWI species between T1 and T2, with the names of health-prevalent species depicted in blue (n = 1) and those of health-scarce species (n = 22) in brown. Notably, two health-scarce species, Hungatella hathewayi and Clostridium bolteae, exhibited a statistically significant decrease in relative abundance by T2 (P < 0.05, permutation test). The black horizontal lines indicate the extent of fold change, while the size of each circle reflects the prevalence of the respective GMWI species among the 26 stool samples gathered across both timepoints