Table 2 Exploring the association between smoking and epilepsy through subgroup analyzes of included studies
From: Exploring the Smoking-Epilepsy Nexus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Outcome | Number of studies (n) | Heterogeneity (%) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval, p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
Smoking status | |||
Current smoker | 6 | 80 | 1.46 (1.13–1.89, p = 0.004) |
Former smoker | 6 | 84 | 1.14 (0.83–.1.56, p = 0.43) |
Sex | |||
Male | 3 | 0 | 0.75 (0.46–1.23, p = 0.26) |
Female | 3 | 0 | 1.15 (0.73–1.81, p = 0.54) |
Study design | |||
Cohort | 4 | 38 | 1.04 (0.90–1.20, p = 0.63) |
Case control | 7 | 84 | 1.29 (0.75–2.23, p = 0.36) |
Cross-sectional | 6 | 69 | 1.32 (1.10–1.58, p = 0.002) |
Epilepsy type | |||
Active epilepsy | 4 | 0 | 1.59 (1.42–1.78, p < 0.001) |
Inactive epilepsy | 4 | 80 | 1.18 (0.77–1.80, p = 0.45) |