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Table 2 Descriptive statistics on potentially hazardous prescribing indicators, over 2010–2011 to 2021–2022

From: Comparing the clinical practice and prescribing safety of locum and permanent doctors: observational study of primary care consultations in England

Number of consultations at risk for potentially hazardous prescribing

(N = 7,623,305 consultation events)

NP

Exposed to potentially hazardous prescribing, Permanent GP Numerator

(% of denominator)

DP

At risk of potentially hazardous prescribing,

Permanent GP Denominator

NL

Exposed to potentially hazardous prescribing,

Locum GP

Numerator

(% of denominator)

DL

At risk of potentially hazardous prescribing,

Locum GP

Denominator

Potential harm: GI bleed

 Prescription of an oral NSAID, without co-prescription of an ulcer healing drug, to a patient aged ≥ 65 years (Indicator A)

(N = 454,929)

237,867 (56.5%)

420,760

19,926 (58.3%)

34,169

 Prescription of an oral NSAID, without co-prescription of an ulcer healing drug, to a patient with a history of peptic ulceration (Indicator B)

(N = 2907)

1376 (52.6%)

2617

171 (59%)

290

 Prescription of an antiplatelet drug without co-prescription of an ulcer-healing drug, to a patient with a history of peptic ulceration (Indicator C)

(N = 3537)

765 (23.1%)

3309

57 (27.4%)

228

 Prescription of warfarin or DOAC in combination with an oral NSAID (Indicator D)

(N = 222,986)

4567 (2.2%)

207,655

308 (2%)

15,331

 Prescription of warfarin or DOAC and an antiplatelet drug in combination without co-prescription of an ulcer-healing drug (Indicator E)

(N = 35,421)

15,856 (47.7%)

33,260

976 (45.2%)

2161

 Prescription of aspirin in combination with another antiplatelet drug (without co-prescription of an ulcer-healing drug) (Indicator F)

(N = 265,499)

124,950 (50.2%)

249,148

8328 (51%)

16,351

Potential harm: exacerbation of asthma

 Prescription of a non-selective beta-blocker to a patient with asthma (Indicator G)

(N = 163,368)

11,183 (7.4%)

150,611

1165 (9.1%)

12,757

 Prescription of a long-acting beta-2 agonist inhaler (excluding combination products with inhaled corticosteroid) to a patient with asthma who is not also prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid (Indicator H)

(N = 5,917,201)

50,239 (0.09%)

5,407,846

3293 (0.06%)

509,355

Potential harm: Heart failure

 Prescription of an oral NSAID to a patient with heart failure (Indicator I)

(N = 551,110)

2610 (0.05%)

551,110

195 (0.003%)

551,110

Potential harm: Stroke

 Prescription of antipsychotics for > 6 weeks in a patient aged ≥ 65 years with dementia but not psychosis (Indicator J)

(N = 6347)

5601 (93.8%)

5972

335 (89.3%)

375