Table 2 Association between lung function and risk of incident depression

FVC (% predicted)

 Quartile 1 (lowest)

2948/923,244

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Quartile 2

2285/940,455

0.783 (0.741–0.827)

< 0.001

0.843 (0.797–0.890)

< 0.001

0.874 (0.827–0.924)

< 0.001

 Quartile 3

2193/944,912

0.755 (0.714–0.798)

< 0.001

0.845 (0.799–0.894)

< 0.001

0.888 (0.839–0.940)

< 0.001

 Quartile 4 (highest)

2088/950,751

0.713 (0.674–0.754)

< 0.001

0.828 (0.781–0.877)

< 0.001

0.880 (0.830–0.933)

< 0.001

FEV₁ (% predicted)

 Quartile 1 (lowest)

2982/921,978

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Quartile 2

2378/940,557

0.805 (0.762–0.850)

< 0.001

0.861 (0.815–0.909)

< 0.001

0.903 (0.855–0.954)

0.001

 Quartile 3

2143/946,846

0.732 (0.692–0.774)

< 0.001

0.807 (0.763–0.854)

< 0.001

0.860 (0.813–0.911)

< 0.001

 Quartile 4 (highest)

2011/949,980

0.695 (0.656–0.735)

< 0.001

0.789 (0.745–0.836)

< 0.001

0.854 (0.805–0.905)

< 0.001

Lung function

 Normal

6635/2,825,766

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Impaired

2879/933,595

1.289 (1.233–1.347)

< 0.001

1.195 (1.142–1.249)

< 0.001

1.124 (1.074–1.176)

< 0.001