Table 2 Interrupted time series results of pandemic impact on the ongoing healthcare resource utilization among the 2014–2016 cohorts

Pre-pandemic trend

 Accident & Emergency admission

0.974

0.963–0.986

 < 0.001^*

 Inpatient admission

0.983

0.979–0.987

 < 0.001^*

 Inpatient bed-day

0.986

0.977–0.995

0.007^*

 Outpatient, all-cause

0.973

0.966–0.980

 < 0.001^*

 Outpatient, psychiatric

0.964

0.962–0.967

 < 0.001^*

 All visits, all-cause

0.973

0.966–0.981

 < 0.001^*

Level change (immediate effect)

 Accident & Emergency admission

0.867

0.755–0.996

0.059

 Inpatient admission

0.905

0.829–0.987

0.024^*

 Inpatient bed-day

0.867

0.781–0.964

0.017^*

 Outpatient, all-cause

0.831

0.761–0.908

 < 0.001^*

 Outpatient, psychiatric

0.770

0.738–0.803

 < 0.001^*

 All visits, all-cause

0.837

0.764–0.917

0.001^*

Slope change (gradual effect)

 Accident & Emergency admission

1.024

1.007–1.042

0.006^*

 Inpatient admission

1.021

1.010–1.033

 < 0.001^*

 Inpatient bed-day

1.006

0.993–1.019

0.396

 Outpatient, all-cause

1.031

1.019–1.042

 < 0.001^*

 Outpatient, psychiatric

1.029

1.020–1.037

 < 0.001^*

 All visits, all-cause

1.030

1.018–1.042

 < 0.001^*