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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to habitual sleep duration quintiles

From: Very short sleep duration reveals a proteomic fingerprint that is selectively associated with incident diabetes mellitus but not with incident coronary heart disease: a cohort study

Variable

Sleep duration quintile (Q; hours)

p-valuea

 

Q1 (4.00–6.57)

Q2 (6.64–7.14)

Q3 (7.21–7.57)

Q4 (7.64–8.00)

Q5 (8.14–11.00)

 

Number of individuals

715

668

804

764

435

 

Proportion of population (%)

21.4

18.5

24.1

22.9

13.0

 

Age [mean (years ± s.d.)]

57.1 ± 5.8

58.5 ± 5.9

55.3 ± 5.5

58.5 ± 5.9

57.3 ± 5.9

 < 0.001

Men (%)

36.5

38.7

38.6

35.2

32.2

0.15

Cystatin C [mean (mg/L ± s.d.)]

0.780 ± 0.133

0.774 ± 0.120

0.754 ± 0.124

0.773 ± 0.129

0.766 ± 0.125

0.001

Education (%)

     

0.003

Higher than elementary school

56.5

55.2

61.9

52.8

53.3

 

Physical activity (%)

     

0.05

Quartile 1 (low physical activity)

26.0

23.8

24.3

24.2

27.4

 

Quartile 2

22.9

26.5

29.1

23.4

25.1

 

Quartile 3

24.3

24.3

26.0

24.4

22.1

 

Quartile 4 (high physical activity)

26.7

25.4

20.7

28.0

25.5

 

Smoking status (%)

     

0.44

Never

40.1

43.5

43.7

45.0

39.5

 

Past

33.7

32.0

30.6

31.9

34.3

 

Current < 20 cigarettes/day

13.6

12.3

14.3

11.9

11.3

 

Current ≥ 20 cigarettes/day

12.6

12.1

11.4

11.1

14.9

 

Alcohol consumption (%)

     

0.03

None

18.0

15.7

12.2

16.1

17.2

 

0.02–1.70 g ethanol/day

10.8

9.7

9.8

10.7

12.2

 

1.70–6.87 g ethanol/day

22.5

25.2

22.6

27.4

25.3

 

6.89–14.36 g ethanol/day

24.5

23.6

27.1

24.6

22.5

 

 ≥ 14.36 g ethanol/day

24.2

25.7

28.2

21.2

22.8

 

Shift work (%)

28.8

30.1

22.8

27.1

32.2

0.002

Insomnia symptoms [median (score, iqr.)]

4 (5)

3 (4)

2 (3)

3 (4)

3 (3)

 < 0.001

Waist circumference [mean (cm ± s.d.)]

82.9 ± 12.7

83.4 ± 12.0

81.6 ± 11.5

82.1 ± 12.1

81.9 ± 12.3

0.048

LDL-C [mean (mmol/L ± s.d.)]

4.3 ± 1.0

4.2 ± 0.9

4.1 ± 1.0

4.2 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 0.9

0.01

HDL-C [mean (mmol/L ± s.d.)]

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

0.89

Triglycerides [mean (mmol/L ± s.d.)]

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.7

0.81

HbA1c [mean (% ± s.d.)]

4.8 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.4

0.14

BMI

     

0.16

 < 18.5 kg/m2

1.1

1.0

0.6

1.1

0.7

 

18.5–25.0 kg/m2

47.7

45.3

52.4

48.4

49.4

 

25.0–30.0 kg/m2

38.6

42.2

39.3

39.1

38.6

 

 ≥ 30.0 kg/m2

12.6

11.5

7.7

11.4

11.3

 
  1. BMI body mass index, iqr interquartile range, s.d. standard deviation
  2. aChi-square test for categorical variables, ANOVA for continuous variables (age, cystatin C, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c ), Kruskal–Wallis test for insomnia symptoms
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