Table 1 Overview of studies investigating the use of copeptin in different clinical settings.
Clinical scenario | Setting | Number of patients | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
AECOPD [34] | ED | 167 | Copeptin levels > 40 pmol/L associated with prolonged hospital stay and long-term clinical failure (death or rehospitalization for AECOPD up to six months after inclusion). |
LRTI [35] | ED | 545 | Copeptin levels increased with increasing severity of LRTI, as classified by the Pneumonia Severity Index - predictive of mortality (AUC 0.75) - copeptin levels in survivors 24.3 pmol/L (normal: 10.8 to 43.8 pmol/L), versus 70.0 pmol/L (normal: 28.8 to 149 pmol/L) in non-survivors - optimal threshold of copeptin, 53 pmol/L; sensitivity to correctly predict mortality, 58% with a specificity of 80%; LR+ 3.0, LR- 0.5 |
Hemorrhagic and septic shock [15] | ICU | 101 | Copeptin levels increased with disease severity from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to sepsis and severe sepsis to septic shock - copeptin levels in non-survivors, 171.5 pmol/L versus survivors, 86.8 pmol/L, P < 0.001 - predictive of mortality (AUC 0.75) - optimal prognostic accuracy of copeptin at 96 pmol/L; sensitivity, 61.5%, specificity 83.8% |
Acute ischemic stroke [49] | ED | 362 | Copeptin - associated with severity of stroke and lesion size - predicts functional outcome (AUC 0.73) and mortality (AUC 0.82) after three months |
Cerebrovascular re-event after transient ischemic attack within 90 days [36] | ED | 107 | - AUC for copeptin to predict re-event within 90 days, 0.73. - at cutoff of 9.0 pmol/L for copeptin; sensitivity, 80%, specificity, 76% |
One-year outcome in patients with acute stroke [37] | One-year follow-up on ED patients | 341 of 362 | Copeptin predicts - one-year mortality after stroke (AUC 0.74) - functional outcome (AUC 0.72) |
Acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage [50] | ED | 40 | Copeptin predicts - 30-day mortality (AUC 0.88), comparable with that of GCS (AUC 0.82) - 90-day functional outcome (AUC 0.68) |
Traumatic brain injury [38] | Neurosurgery | 94 | Copeptin - predicts one-month mortality (AUC 0.874), similar to that of GCS - copeptin levels > 451.8 pg/mL; sensitivity, 88.5%, specificity, 75%, in prediction of one-month mortality |