|
Sequence generation
|
Allocation concealment
|
Blinding to group assignment
|
Incomplete outcome data
|
Selective outcome reporting
|
Other potential sources of biasa
|
---|
Children and Adolescents
| | | | | | |
Macdonald et al. [18]
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Macdonald et al. [19]
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
MacKelvie et al. [20]
|
Low risk
|
Unclear
|
Low risk
|
High riskb
|
Low risk
|
High riska3
|
Petit et al. [21]
|
Low risk
|
Unclear
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riska4
|
Weeks et al. [22]
|
Unclear
|
Unclear
|
High riskc
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riska2,a4
|
Adults
| | | | | | |
Vainionpaa et al. [23]
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riskd
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riska3
|
Older Adults
| | | | | | |
Cheng et al. [13]
|
Low risk
|
Unclear
|
High riskd
|
High riske
|
Low risk
|
High riska3
|
Karinkanta et al. [15]
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riskd
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Liu-Ambrose et al. [53]
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riska2,a4
|
Uusi-Rasi et al. [14]
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riskd
|
Low risk
|
Low risk
|
High riska3
|
-
aOther potential sources of bias included 1. >5% (even though not significant) imbalance in bone baseline variables that was not adjusted for in the statistical analysis, 2. Possible inadequate exercise dose according to general exercise recommendations (<3×/week), 3. Small sample size (<100 participants) in relation to the measurement precision, and 4. Short follow-up time (<12-months).
-
bA clear imbalance between withdrawals of controls and trainees in Tanner Stage 1.
-
cIndividual adolescent pupils randomised rather than schools
-
dNo supervised sham exercise for controls
-
eNo intention-to-treat results reported