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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: The impact and causal directions for the associations between diagnosis of ADHD, socioeconomic status, and intelligence by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization design

Fig. 2

Results of the Mendelian randomization analyses of the odds of ADHD conferred by the liability for one standard deviation increase in attained educational level, household income, Townsend deprivation index, or intelligence. Ordinary IVW estimates are provided for the total effect of the exposure, and MVWR IVW estimates for the direct effect of the exposure. Estimates for SES markers are adjusted for intelligence; that for intelligence is adjusted for education

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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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