Table 1 Results of the Mendelian randomization sensitivity analyses associating the liability for one standard deviation increase in attained educational level, household income, Townsend deprivation index, and intelligence with the odds of ADHD
Exposure | Method | OR (95% C)) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Education (219 SNPs) | Weighted median | 0.34 (0.27, 0.43) | <0.001 |
MR-Egger | 0.39 (0.18, 0.85) | 0.018 | |
MR-PRESSO (3 outliers) | 0.30 (0.25, 0.36) | <0.001 | |
Contamination mixture | 0.23 (0.17, 0.32) | <0.001 | |
MR-Mode | 0.58 (0.27, 1.26) | 0.168 | |
MR-Mix | 0.37 (0.23, 0.59) | <0.001 | |
GSMR | 0.29 (0.25–0.34) | <0.001 | |
Household income (42 SNPs) | Weighted median | 0.49 (0.34, 0.72) | <0.001 |
MR-Egger | 1.64 (0.38, 7.00) | 0.508 | |
MR-PRESSO (1 outlier) | 0.38 (0.29, 0.51) | <0.001 | |
Contamination mixture | 0.37 (0.25, 0.54) | <0.001 | |
MR-Mode | 0.69 (0.34, 1.40) | 0.308 | |
MR-Mix | 0.37 (0.23, 0.60) | <0.001 | |
GSMR | 0.28 (0.21, 0.38) | <0.001 | |
Townsend deprivation index (17 SNPs) | Weighted median | 5.51 (2.22, 13.71) | <0.001 |
MR-Egger | 0.04 (0.00, 229.4) | 0.482 | |
MR-PRESSO (2 outliers) | 4.86 (2.11, 11.19) | 0.002 | |
Contamination mixture | 8.25 (3.78, 27.39) | 0.001 | |
MR-Mode | 8.94 (1.58, 50.69) | 0.025 | |
MR-Mix | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.99 | |
GSMR | 4.92 (2.95, 8.21) | <0.001 | |
Intelligence (132 SNPs) | Weighted median | 0.59 (0.48, 0.73) | <0.001 |
MR-Egger | 0.68 (0.27, 1.72) | 0.416 | |
MR-PRESSO (4 outliers) | 0.58 (0.48, 0.69) | <0.001 | |
Contamination mixture | 0.53 (0.44, 0.62) | <0.001 | |
MR-Mode | 0.59 (0.37, 0.97) | 0.037 | |
MR-Mix | 0.50 (0.31–0.81) | 0.005 | |
GSMR | 0.53 (0.46–0.60) | <0.001 |