Table 1 Characteristics of NHS Health Check recipients and matched controls
Category | Variable | NHS Health Check recipients (n = 48,602) | Matched controls (n = 48,602) |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Age 40–49 years | 13,536 (27.9%) | 13,536 (27.9%) |
Age 50–59 years | 17,998 (37.0%) | 17,998 (37.0%) | |
Age 60 + years | 17,068 (35.1%) | 17,068 (35.1%) | |
Women | 29,040 (59.8%) | 29,040 (59.8%) | |
Men | 19,562 (40.2%) | 19,562 (40.2%) | |
Townsend deprivation index > UK median | 13,950 (28.7%) | 14,152 (29.1%) | |
Non-White ethnicity | 2048 (4.2%) | 2046 (4.2%) | |
Post-secondary education | 29,986 (61.7%) | 30,135 (62.0%) | |
Family history | Family history of stroke | 12,664 (26.1%) | 12,650 (26.0%) |
Family history of heart disease | 20,280 (41.7%) | 20,272 (41.7%) | |
Family history of dementia | 7226 (14.9%) | 7229 (14.9%) | |
Health parameters | Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 7957 (16.4%) | 8130 (16.7%) |
Waist-hip ratio ≥ 1 | 2073 (4.3%) | 2082 (4.3%) | |
SBP at baseline ≥ 140 mmHg | 15,309 (31.5%) | 15,889 (32.7%) | |
Current smoker | 4640 (9.5%) | 4738 (9.7%) | |
Daily alcohol intake | 9376 (19.3%) | 9325 (19.2%) | |
Inactive (< 600 MET-minutes/week) | 11,326 (23.3%) | 11,307 (23.3%) | |
Salad/raw vegetables daily (< 2 Tbsp) | 21,134 (43.5%) | 21,099 (43.4%) | |
Geographical region exposure | Birmingham—Leicester | 11,564 (23.8%) | 11,564 (23.8%) |
Bristol, Wales, and Southwest | 2411 (5.0%) | 2411 (5.0%) | |
London and SouthEast | 5979 (12.3%) | 5979 (12.3%) | |
Manchester, Liverpool, and Sheffield | 18,790 (38.7%) | 18,790 (38.7%) | |
Newcastle—Durham | 8427 (17.3%) | 8427 (17.3%) | |
Scotland | 1431 (2.9%) | 1431 (2.9%) | |
NHS Health Check completed | 48,602 (100.0%) | – | |
Average follow-up time (years) | 9.1 (± 1.9) | 9.0 (± 2.0) | |
Measured outcomes | |||
Metabolic | Hypertension | 5603 (11.5%) | 5398 (11.1%) |
Diabetes | 1144 (2.4%) | 1187 (2.4%) | |
High cholesterol | 3690 (7.6%) | 3487 (7.2%) | |
Brain | Stroke | 708 (1.5%) | 770 (1.6%) |
All-cause dementia | 562 (1.2%) | 694 (1.4%) | |
Heart | Myocardial infarction | 913 (1.9%) | 1052 (2.2%) |
Atrial fibrillation | 1660 (3.4%) | 1759 (3.6%) | |
Heart failure | 739 (1.5%) | 796 (1.6%) | |
Kidney | Acute kidney injury | 1924 (4.0%) | 2572 (5.3%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 973 (2.0%) | 946 (1.9%) | |
Liver | Fatty liver disease | 502 (1.0%) | 492 (1.0%) |
Alcoholic liver disease | 67 (0.1%) | 93 (0.2%) | |
Liver cirrhosis | 109 (0.2%) | 161 (0.3%) | |
Liver failure | 43 (0.1%) | 60 (0.1%) | |
Mortality | Cardiovascular mortality | 279 (0.6%) | 360 (0.7%) |
All-cause mortality | 1989 (4.1%) | 2568 (5.3%) | |