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Table 3 Average changes in intervention participants over six to 12 months, compared to controls (ntotal = 361)

From: Real-world nudging, pricing, and mobile physical activity coaching was insufficient to improve lifestyle behaviours and cardiometabolic health: the Supreme Nudge parallel cluster-randomised controlled supermarket trial

 

β (95% CI)

Primary outcome

Diet quality, scored 0 (low) to 150 (high)

− 1.1 (− 3.8 to 1.7)

Secondary outcomes

Cardiometabolic measures:

 HbA1ca, mmol/mol

0.6 (− 0.1 to 1.3)

 LDL-cholesterolb, mmol/L

− 0.0 (− 0.2 to 0.1)

 HDL-cholesterolc, mmol/L

− 0.0 (− 0.1 to 0.0)

 Total cholesterold, mmol/L

0.0 (− 0.2 to 0.2)

 Total cholesterol/HDL-ratiod

0.1 (− 0.1 to 0.2)

 Triglyceridese, mmol/L

0.1 (− 0.1 to 0.3)

 Waist circumference femalesf, cm

0.7 (− 0.8 to 2.2)

 Waist circumference malesg, cm

0.5 (− 2.4 to 3.5)

Total percentage healthier food purchasingh

0.7 (− 2.7 to 4.0)

Total customer satisfactioni, scored 1 (low) to 7 (high)

0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)

Food-decision styles for vegetablesj, scored 1 (low) to 7 (high):

 Reflective

− 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.1)

 Habitual

− 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.1)

 Impulsive

0.0 (− 0.2 to 0.2)

Food-decision styles for snacksk, scored 1 (low) to 7 (high)

 Reflective

− 0.1 (− 0.4 to 0.2)

 Habitual

0.2 (− 0.0 to 0.4)

 Impulsive

0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.4)

Nudges and social cognitive factorsi, scored 1 (low) to 7 (high):

 Health goals

− 0.1 (− 0.3 to 0.1)

 Healthy shopping

0.1 (− 0.1 to 0.3)

 Perceived social norm

− 0.1 (− 0.2 to 0.1)

 Attractiveness healthy foods

− 0.2 (− 0.3 to 0.0)

  1. Analyses were based on linear mixed models including random intercepts on the participant and on the supermarket-level. All analyses are adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome of interest and time as categorical variable. Bold values represent statistically significant findings (p < 0.05).
  2. an = 40 missing values
  3. bn = 72 missing values
  4. cn = 57 missing values
  5. dn = 71 missing values
  6. en = 63 missing values
  7. fn = 23 missing values
  8. gn = 6 missing values
  9. hn = 144 missing values
  10. in = 2 missing values
  11. jn = 33 missing values
  12. kn = 153 missing values