Hetem RS, Mitchell D, Maloney SK, Meyer LC, Fick LG, Kerley GI, Fuller A: Fever and sickness behavior during an opportunistic infection in a free-living antelope, the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008, 294: R246-R254.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hart BL: Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1988, 12: 123-137. 10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Berk M, Goehler L, Song C, Anderson G, Gałecki P, Leonard B: Depression and sickness behavior are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways. BMC Med. 2012, 10: 66-10.1186/1741-7015-10-66.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kluger MJ: The evolution and adaptive value of fever. Am Sci. 1978, 66: 38-43.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maier SF, Watkins LR: Cytokines for psychologists: implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. Psychol Rev. 1998, 105: 83-107.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wynne AM, Henry CJ, Godbout JP: Immune and behavioral consequences of microglial reactivity in the aged brain. Integr Comp Biol. 2009, 49: 254-266. 10.1093/icb/icp009.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Charlton BG: The malaise theory of depression: major depressive disorder is sickness behavior and antidepressants are analgesic. Med Hypotheses. 2000, 54: 126-130. 10.1054/mehy.1999.0986.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Komaroff AL, Fagioli LR, Doolittle TH, Gandek B, Gleit MA, Guerriero RT, Kornish RJ, Ware NC, Ware JE, Bates DW: Health status in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and in general population and disease comparison groups. Am J Med. 1996, 101: 281-290. 10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00174-X.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cairns R, Hotopf M: A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med (Lond). 2005, 55: 20-31. 10.1093/occmed/kqi013.
CAS
Google Scholar
Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, Klimas NG, Broderick G, Mitchell T, Staines D, Powles AC, Speight N, Vallings R, Bateman L, Baumgarten-Austrheim B, Bell DS, Carlo-Stella N, Chia J, Darragh A, Jo D, Lewis D, Light AR, Marshall-Gradisbik S, Mena I, Mikovits JA, Miwa K, Murovska M, Pall ML, Stevens S: Myalgic encephalomyelitis: international consensus criteria. J Intern Med. 2011, 270: 327-338. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maes M, Twisk FN, Johnson C: Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic fatigue (CF) are distinguished accurately: results of supervised learning techniques applied on clinical and inflammatory data. Psychiatry Res. 2012, 200: 754-760. 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.031.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morris G, Maes M: A neuro-immune model of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metab Brain Dis.
Maes M, Twisk FN, Ringel K: Inflammatory and cell-mediated immune biomarkers in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and depression: inflammatory markers are higher in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome than in depression. Psychother Psychosom. 2012, 81: 286-295. 10.1159/000336803.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arnett SV, Clark IA: Inflammatory fatigue and sickness behaviour - lessons for the diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Affect Disord. 2012, 141: 130-142. 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.004.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clark IA, Budd AC, Alleva LM: Sickness behaviour pushed too far--the basis of the syndrome seen in severe protozoal, bacterial and viral diseases and post-trauma. Malar J. 2008, 7: 208-10.1186/1475-2875-7-208.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe M, Dobbins JG, Komaroff AL: The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med. 1994, 121: 953-959.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Twisk FN: Chronic fatigue syndrome: Harvey and Wessely's (bio)psychosocial model versus a bio(psychosocial) model based on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. BMC Med. 2010, 8: 35-10.1186/1741-7015-8-35.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Carruthers BM, Jain AK, De Meirleir KL, Peterson DL, Klimas NG, Lerner AM, Bested AC, Flor-Henry P, Joshi P, Powles ACP, Sherkey JA, van de Sande MI: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical working case definition, diagnostic and treatment protocols. J Chron Fatigue Syndr. 2003, 11: 7-36.
Google Scholar
Maes M: "Functional" or "psychosomatic" symptoms, e.g. a flu-like malaise, aches and pain and fatigue, are major features of major and in particular of melancholic depression. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009, 30: 564-573.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anderson G, Maes M, Berk M: Biological underpinnings of the commonalities in depression, somatization, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2012, 78: 752-756. 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.023.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Skapinakis P, Lewis G, Mavreas V: Unexplained fatigue syndromes in a multinational primary care sample: specificity of definition and prevalence and distinctiveness from depression and generalized anxiety. Am J Psychiatry. 2003, 160: 785-787. 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.785.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M: An intriguing and hitherto unexplained co-occurrence: depression and chronic fatigue syndrome are manifestations of shared inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011, 35: 784-794. 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.023.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roy-Byrne P, Afari N, Ashton S, Fischer M, Goldberg J, Buchwald D: Chronic fatigue and anxiety/depression: a twin study. Br J Psychiatry. 2002, 180: 29-34. 10.1192/bjp.180.1.29.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zachrisson O, Regland B, Jahreskog M, Kron M, Gottfries CG: A rating scale for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (the FibroFatigue scale). J Psychosom Res. 2002, 52: 501-509. 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00315-4.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hawk C, Jason LA, Torres-Harding S: Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder. Int J Behav Med. 2006, 13: 244-251. 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anand AC, Kumar R, Rao MK, Dham SK: Low grade pyrexia: is it chronic fatigue syndrome?. J Assoc Physicians India. 1994, 42: , 606-608.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Camus F, Henzel D, Janowski M, Raguin G, Leport C, Vildé JL: Unexplained fever and chronic fatigue: abnormal circadian temperature pattern. Eur J Med. 1992, 1: 30-36.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freeman R, Komaroff AL: Does the chronic fatigue syndrome involve the autonomic nervous system?. Am J Med. 1997, 102: 357-364. 10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00087-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Allen J, Murrary A, Di Maria C, Newton JL: Chronic fatigue syndrome and impaired peripheral pulse characteristics on orthostasis - a new potential diagnostic biomarker. Physiol Meas. 2010, 33: 231-241.
Google Scholar
Newton JL, Okonkwo O, Sutcliffe K, Seth A, Shin J, Jones DEJ: Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Q J Med. 2007, 100: 519-526. 10.1093/qjmed/hcm057.
CAS
Google Scholar
Winkler AS, Blair D, Marsden JT, Peters TJ, Wessely S, Cleare AJ: Autonomic function and serum erythropoietin levels in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 2004, 56: 179-183. 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00543-9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Montague TJ, Marrie TJ, Klassen GA, Bewick DJ, Horacek BM: Cardiac function at rest and with exercise in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Chest. 1989, 95: 779-784. 10.1378/chest.95.4.779.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pagani M, Lucini D, Mela GS, Langewitz W, Malliani A: Sympathetic overactivity in subjects complaining of unexplained fatigue. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994, 87: 655-661.
CAS
Google Scholar
De Becker P, Dendale P, De Meirleir K, Campine I, Vandenborne K, Hagers Y: Autonomic testing in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 1998, 105: 122S-126S.
Google Scholar
Soetekouw PM, Lenders JW, Bleijenberg G, Thien T, van der Meer JW: Autonomic function in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 1999, 9: 334-340. 10.1007/BF02318380.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Streeten DH, Anderson GH: The role of delayed orthostatic hypotension in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue. Clin Auton Res. 1998, 8: 119-124. 10.1007/BF02267822.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Axelrod Axelrod FB, Chelimsky GG, Weese-Mayer DE: Pediatric autonomic disorders. Pediatrics. 2006, 118: 309-321. 10.1542/peds.2005-3032.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stewart JM: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by attenuated vagal baroreflex and potentiated sympathetic vasomotion. Pediatr Res. 2000, 48: 218-226. 10.1203/00006450-200008000-00016.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reynolds NL, Brown MM, Jason LA: The relationship of Fennell phases to symptoms among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Eval Health Prof. 2009, 32: 264-280. 10.1177/0163278709338558.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilson A, Hickie I, Lloyd A, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Boughton C, Dwyer J, Wakefield D: Longitudinal study of outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome. Br Med J. 1994, 308: 756-759. 10.1136/bmj.308.6931.756.
CAS
Google Scholar
Tiersky LA, DeLuca J, Hill N, Dhar SK, Johnson SK, Lange G, Rappolt G, Natelson BH: Longitudinal assessment of neuropsychological functioning, psychiatric status, functional disability and employment status in chronic fatigue syndrome. Appl Neuropsychol. 2001, 8: 41-50. 10.1207/S15324826AN0801_6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hill NF, Tiersky LA, Scavalla VR, Lavietes M, Natelson BH: Natural history of severe chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999, 80: 1090-1094. 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90066-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peterson PK, Schenck CH, Sherman R: Chronic fatigue syndrome in Minnesota. Minn Med. 1991, 74: 21-26.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Riazi K, Galic MA, Kuzmiski JB, Ho W, Sharkey KA, Pittman QJ: Microglial activation and TNFalpha production mediate altered CNS excitability following peripheral inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 17151-17156. 10.1073/pnas.0806682105.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kerfoot SM, D'Mello C, Nguyen H, Ajuebor MN, Kubes P, Le T, Swain MG: TNF-alpha-secreting monocytes are recruited into the brain of cholestatic mice. Hepatology. 2006, 43: 154-162. 10.1002/hep.21003.
PubMed
Google Scholar
D'Mello C, Le T, Swain MG: Cerebral microglia recruit monocytes into the brain in response to tumor necrosis factoralpha signaling during peripheral organ inflammation. J Neurosci. 2009, 29: 2089-2102. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3567-08.2009.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berk M, Berk L, Dodd S, Jacka FN, Fitzgerald PB, de Castella AR, Filia S, Filia K, Kulkarni J, Jackson HJ, Stafford L: Psychometric properties of a scale to measure investment in the sick role: the Illness Cognitions Scale. J Eval Clin Pract. 2012, 18: 360-364. 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01570.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peters A: The energy request of inflammation. Endocrinology. 2006, 147: 4550-4552. 10.1210/en.2006-0815.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bosutti A, Malaponte G, Zanetti M, Castellino P, Heer M, Guarnieri G, Biolo G: Calorie restriction modulates inactivity-induced changes in the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 93: 3226-3229. 10.1210/jc.2007-1684.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacDonald L, Radler M, Paolini AG, Kent S: Calorie restriction attenuates LPS-induced sickness behavior and shifts hypothalamic signaling pathways to an anti-inflammatory bias. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011, 301: R172-184. 10.1152/ajpregu.00057.2011.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Straub RH: Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state-known and new concepts in pathophysiology. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012, 90: 523-534. 10.1007/s00109-012-0861-8.
Google Scholar
Kumar RK, Wakefield D: Inflammation: chronic. eLS. 2010, 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000944.pub3
Google Scholar
Vermeulen RC, Kurk RM, Visser FC, Sluiter W, Scholte HR: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome performed worse than controls in a controlled repeated exercise study despite a normal oxidative phosphorylation capacity. J Transl Med. 2010, 8: 93-10.1186/1479-5876-8-93.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kennedy G, Spence VA, McLaren M, Hill A, Underwood C, Belch JJ: Oxidative stress levels are raised in chronic fatigue syndrome and are associated with clinical symptoms. Free Radical Biol Med. 2005, 39: 584-589. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.020.
CAS
Google Scholar
Behan WM, More IA, Behan PO: Mitochondrial abnormalities in the postviral fatigue syndrome. Acta Neuropathol. 1991, 83: 61-65. 10.1007/BF00294431.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lane RJ, Barrett MC, Taylor DJ, Kemp GJ, Lodi R: Heterogeneity in chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle. Neuromuscul Disord. 1998, 8: 204-209. 10.1016/S0960-8966(98)00021-2.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Myhill S, Booth NE, McLaren-Howard J: Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2009, 2: 1-16.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Morris G, Maes M: Increased nuclear factor-κB and loss of p53 are key mechanisms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Med Hypotheses. 2012, 10: 66.
Google Scholar
Paul L, Wood L, Behan WM, Maclaren WM: Demonstration of delayed recovery from fatiguing exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 1999, 6: 63-69. 10.1046/j.1468-1331.1999.610063.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arnold DL, Bore PJ, Radda GK, Styles P, Taylor DJ: Excessive intracellular acidosis of skeletal muscle on exercise in a patient with a post-viral exhaustion/fatigue syndrome. Lancet. 1984, 323: 1367-1369. 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91871-3.
Google Scholar
Wong R, Lopaschuk G, Zhu G, Walker D, Catellier D, Burton D, Teo K, Collins-Nakai R, Montague T: Skeletal muscle metabolism in the chronic fatigue syndrome. In vivo assessment by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chest. 1992, 102: 1716-1722. 10.1378/chest.102.6.1716.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shungu DC, Weiduschat N, Murrough JW, Mao X, Pillemer S, Dyke JP, Medow MS, Natelson BH, Stewart JM, Mathew SJ: Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology. NMR Biomed. 2012, 25: 1073-1087. 10.1002/nbm.2772.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Murrough JW, Mao X, Collins KA, Kelly C, Andrade G, Nestadt P, Levine SM, Mathew SJ, Shungu DC: Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome measured by 1H MRS imaging at 3.0 T. II: comparison with major depressive disorder. NMR Biomed. 2010, 23: 643-650. 10.1002/nbm.1512.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fink MP: Cytopathic hypoxia. Mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanism contributing to organ dysfunction in sepsis?. Crit Care Clin. 2001, 17: 219-237. 10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70161-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gottlieb E, Vander Heiden MG, Thompson CB: Bcl-xL prevents the initial decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent reactive oxygen species production during tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 2000, 20: 5680-5689. 10.1128/MCB.20.15.5680-5689.2000.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li C, Liu Q, Li N, Chen W, Wang L, Wang Y, Yu Y, Cao X: EAPF/Phafin-2, a novel endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein, facilitates TNF-alpha-triggered cellular apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Mol Med (Berl). 2008, 86: 471-484. 10.1007/s00109-007-0298-7.
CAS
Google Scholar
He Y, Leung KW, Zhang YH, Duan S, Zhong XF, Jiang RZ, Peng Z, Tombran-Tink J, Ge J: Mitochondrial complex I defect induces ROS release and degeneration in trabecular meshwork cells of POAG patients: protection by antioxidants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008, 49: 1447-1458. 10.1167/iovs.07-1361.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahad DJ, Ziabreva I, Campbell G, Lax N, White K, Hanson PS, Lassmann H, Turnbull DM: Mitochondrial changes within axons in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2009, 132: 1161-1174. 10.1093/brain/awp046.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chakraborty S, Kaushik DK, Gupta M, Basu A: Inflammasome signaling at the heart of central nervous system pathology. J Neurosci Res. 2010, 88: 1615-1631.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xie YW, Wolin MS: Role of nitric oxide and its interaction with superoxide in the suppression of cardiac muscle mitochondrial respiration. Involvement in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Circulation. 1996, 94: 2580-2586. 10.1161/01.CIR.94.10.2580.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bossy-Wetzel E, Lipton SA: Nitric oxide signaling regulates mitochondrial number and function. Cell Death Differ. 2003, 10: 757-760. 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401244.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown GC, Borutaite V: Nitric oxide inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and its role in cell death. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002, 33: 1440-1450. 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01112-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brown GC, Borutaite V: Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and S-nitrosothiols. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004, 1658: 44-49. 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.03.016.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Riobo NA, Clementi E, Melani M, Boveris A, Cadenas E, Moncada S, Poderoso JJ: Nitric oxide inhibits mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase activity through peroxynitrite formation. Biochem J. 2001, 359: 139-145. 10.1042/0264-6021:3590139.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brown GC, Borutaite V: Nitric oxide and mitochondrial respiration in the heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2007, 75: 283-290. 10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.03.022.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Bosmans E: Not in the mind of neurasthenic lazybones but in the cell nucleus: patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have increased production of nuclear factor kappa beta. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007, 28: 456-462.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerbland H: Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiol Rev. 2008, 88: 287-332. 10.1152/physrev.00015.2007.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Booth NE, Myhill S, McLaren-Howard J: Mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Int J Clin Exp Med. 2012, 5: 208-220.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Atkin TA, MacAskill AF, Brandon NJ, Kittler JT: Disrupted in schizophrenia-1 regulates intracellular trafficking of mitochondria in neurons. Mol Psychiatry. 2011, 16: 122-124. 10.1038/mp.2010.110.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Viljoen M, Panzar A: Sickness behaviour: causes and effects. SA Fam Pract. 2004, 45: 15-18.
Google Scholar
Marty V, El Hachmane M, Amedee T: Dual modulation of synaptic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius by prostaglandin E2 synthesized downstream of IL-1beta. Eur J Neurosci. 2008, 27: 3132-3150. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06296.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bechmann I, Galea I, Perry VH: What is the blood-brain barrier (not)?. Trends Immunol. 2007, 28: 5-11. 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.007.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quan N, Banks WA: Brain-immune communication pathways. Brain Behav Immun. 2007, 21: 727-735. 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.05.005.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Francis J, Chu Y, Johnson AK, Weiss RM, Felder RB: Acute myocardial infarction induces hypothalamic cytokine synthesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004, 286: H2264-2271. 10.1152/ajpheart.01072.2003.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Qin L, Wu X, Block ML, Liu Y, Breese GR, Hong JS, Knapp DJ, Crews FT: Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Glia. 2007, 55: 453-462. 10.1002/glia.20467.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Steinshamn S, Waage A: Lack of endotoxin tolerance with respect to TNF alpha production in the subarachnoid space. APMIS. 2000, 108: 107-112. 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-33.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Broadwell RD: Passage of cytokines across the blood-brain barrier. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1995, 2: 241-248. 10.1159/000097202.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Konsman JP, Luheshi GN, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R: The vagus nerve mediates behavioural depression, but not fever, in response to peripheral immune signals; a functional anatomical analysis. Eur J Neurosci. 2000, 12: 4434-4446. 10.1046/j.0953-816X.2000.01319.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hwang SY, Jung JS, Kim TH, Lim SJ, Oh ES, Kim JY, Ji KA, Joe EH, Cho KH, Han IO: Ionizing radiation induces astrocyte gliosis through microglia activation. Neurobiol Dis. 2006, 21: 457-467. 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.08.006.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kluger MJ, Rothenburg BA: Fever and reduced iron: their interaction as a host defense response to bacterial infection. Science. 1979, 203: 374-376. 10.1126/science.760197.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eskandari F, Webster JI, Sternberg EM: Neural immune pathways and their connection to inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003, 5: 251-265. 10.1186/ar1002.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tracey KJ: The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002, 420: 853-859. 10.1038/nature01321.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ackerman KD, Felten SY, Bellinger DL, Felten DL: Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen: III Development of innervation in the rat spleen. J Neurosci Res. 1987, 18: 49-54. 10.1002/jnr.490180109.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Lin A, Kenis G, Egyed B, Bosmans E: The effects of noradrenaline and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agents on the production of monocytic products. Psychiatry Res. 2000, 96: 245-253. 10.1016/S0165-1781(00)00216-X.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Twisk FN, Kubera M, Ringel K: Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J Affect Disord. 2012, 136: 933-939. 10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.004.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heesen C, Nawrath L, Reich C, Bauer N, Schulz KH, Gold SM: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: an example of cytokine mediated sickness behaviour?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006, 77: 34-39. 10.1136/jnnp.2005.065805.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ishikawa T, Kokura S, Sakamoto N, Okajima M, Matsuyama T, Sakai H, Okumura Y, Adachi S, Yoshida N, Uchiyama K, Handa O, Takagi T, Konishi H, Wakabayashi N, Yagi N, Ando T, Uno K, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T: Relationship between circulating cytokine levels and physical or psychological functioning in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Biochem. 2012, 45: 207-211. 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.09.007.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bower JE, Ganz PA, Aziz N, Fahey JL: Fatigue and proinflammatory cytokine activity in breast cancer survivors. Psychosom Med. 2002, 64: 604-611.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robson-Ansley PJ, Smith LL: Causes of extreme fatigue in under performing athelethes - a synthesis of recent hypothesis and reviews. SAJSM. 2006, 18: 108-114.
Google Scholar
Norheim KB, Harboe E, Goransson LG, Omdal R: Interleukin-1 inhibition and fatigue in primary Sjogren's syndrome--a double blind, randomised clinical trial. PLoS ONE. 2012, 7: e30123-10.1371/journal.pone.0030123.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Myers JS, Pierce J, Pazdernik T: Neurotoxicology of chemotherapy in relation to cytokine release, the blood-brain barrier, and cognitive impairment. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008, 35: 916-920. 10.1188/08.ONF.916-920.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dinarello CA: Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood. 1996, 87: 2095-2147.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gemma C, Fister M, Hudson C, Bickford PC: Improvement of memory for context by inhibition of caspase-1 in aged rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2005, 22: 1751-1756. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04334.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Terrando N, Rei Fidalgo A, Vizcaychipi M, Cibelli M, Ma D, Monaco C, Feldmann M, Maze M: The impact of IL-1 modulation on the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction. Crit Care. 2010, 14: R88-10.1186/cc9019.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen J, Buchanan JB, Sparkman NL, Godbout JP, Freund GG, Johnson RW: Neuroinflammation and disruption in working memory in aged mice after acute stimulation of the peripheral innate immune system. Brain Behav Immun. 2008, 22: 301-311. 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.08.014.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kent S, Bret-Dibat JL, Kelley KW, Dantzer R: Mechanisms of sickness-induced decreases in food-motivated behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996, 20: 171-175. 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00037-F.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koo JW, Russo SJ, Ferguson D, Nestler EJ, Duman RS: Nuclear factor-kappaB is a critical mediator of stress-impaired neurogenesis and depressive behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107: 2669-2674. 10.1073/pnas.0910658107.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Avitsur R, Yirmiya R: Cytokines inhibit sexual behavior in female rats: I. Synergistic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. Brain Behav Immun. 1999, 13: 14-32. 10.1006/brbi.1999.0555.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garcia-Ruiz C, Colell A, Mari M, Morales A, Fernandez-Checa JC: Direct effect of ceramide on the mitochondrial electron transport chain leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, role of mitochondrial glutathione. J Biol Chem. 1997, 272: 11369-11377. 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11369.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morgan D, Oliveira-Emilio HR, Keane D, Hirata AE, Santos da Rocha M, Bordin S, Curi R, Newsholme P, Carpinelli AR: Glucose, palmitate and pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate production and activity of a phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rat pancreatic islets and a clonal beta cell line. Diabetologia. 2007, 50: 359-369. 10.1007/s00125-006-0462-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Merali Z, Lacosta S, Anisman H: Effects of interleukin-1beta and mild stress on alterations of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission: a regional microdialysis study. Brain Res. 1997, 761: 225-235. 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00312-0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Korkmaz A, Oter S, Seyrek M, Topal T: Molecular, genetic and epigenetic pathways of peroxynitrite-induced cellular toxicity. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2009, 2: 219-228.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Glund S, Deshmukh A, Long YC, Moller T, Koistinen HA, Caidahl K, Zierath JR, Krook A: Interleukin-6 directly increases glucose metabolism in resting human skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2007, 56: 1630-1637. 10.2337/db06-1733.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patarca R: Pteridines and neuroimmune function and pathology. J Chron Fatigue Syndr. 1997, 3: 69-86.
Google Scholar
Widner B, Laich A, Sperner-Unterweger B, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D: Neopterin production, tryptophan degradation, and mental depression--what is the link?. Brain Behav Immun. 2002, 16: 590-595. 10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00006-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bellmann-Weiler R, Schroecksnadel K, Holzer C, Larcher C, Fuchs D, Weiss G: IFN-gamma mediated pathways in patients with fatigue and chronic active Epstein Barr virus-infection. J Affect Disord. 2008, 108: 171-176. 10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.005.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brenu EW, van Driel ML, Staines DR, Ashton KJ, Hardcastle SL, Keane J, Tajouri L, Peterson D, Ramos SB, Marshall-Gradisnik SM: Longitudinal investigation of natural killer cells and cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Transl Med. 2012, 10: 88-10.1186/1479-5876-10-88.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chesnokova V, Melmed S: Minireview: neuro-immuno-endocrine modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by gp130 signaling molecules. Endocrinology. 2002, 143: 1571-1574. 10.1210/en.143.5.1571.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brenu EW, van Driel ML, Staines DR, Ashton KJ, Ramos SB, Keane J, Klimas NG, Marshall-Gradisnik SM: Immunological abnormalities as potential biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Transl Med. 2011, 9: 81-10.1186/1479-5876-9-81.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fletcher MA, Zeng XR, Maher K, Levis S, Hurwitz B, Antoni M, Broderick G, Klimas NG: Biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome: evaluation of natural killer cell function and dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5: e10817-10.1371/journal.pone.0010817.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mihaylova I, DeRuyter M, Rummens JL, Bosmans E, Maes M: Decreased expression of CD69 in chronic fatigue syndrome in relation to inflammatory markers: evidence for a severe disorder in the early activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008, 28: 477-483.
Google Scholar
Klimas N, Salvato F, Morgan R, Fletcher MA: Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 1990, 28: 1403-1410.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vaziri ND: Causal link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2008, 2: 1-10.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murr C, Fuchs D, Gossler W, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G, Esterbauer H, Wachter H: Enhancement of hydrogen peroxide-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by neopterin depends on the presence of iron chelator complexes. FEBS Lett. 1994, 338: 223-226. 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80369-2.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murayama R, Kobayashi M, Takeshita A, Yasui T, Yamamoto M: MAPKs, activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB mediate production of interleukin-1β-stimulated cytokines, prostaglandin E2 and MMP-1 in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res. 2011, 46: 568-575.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Leunis JC: Chronic fatigue syndrome is accompanied by an IgM-related immune response directed against neopitopes formed by oxidative or nitrosative damage to lipids and proteins. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006, 27: 615-621.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Uytterhoeven M, Vrydags N, Bosmans E: Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is related to fatigue, autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms and is another risk factor explaining the early mortality in ME/CFS due to cardiovascular disorder. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009, 30: 470-476.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miwa K, Fujita M: Fluctuation of serum vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations during exacerbation and remission phases in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Heart Vessels. 2010, 25: 319-323. 10.1007/s00380-009-1206-6.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jammes Y, Steinberg JG, Delliaux S: Chronic fatigue syndrome: acute infection and history of physical activity affect resting levels and response to exercise of plasma oxidant/antioxidant status and heat shock proteins. J Intern Med. 2011, 272: 74-84.
Google Scholar
Fulle S, Pietrangelo T, Mancinelli R, Saggini R, Fano G: Specific correlations between muscle oxidative stress and chronic fatigue syndrome: a working hypothesis. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2007, 28: 355-362. 10.1007/s10974-008-9128-y.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Bosmans E: Not in the mind but in the cell: increased production of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007, 28: 463-469.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Milczarek R, Hallmann A, Sokołowska E, Kaletha K, Klimek J: Melatonin enhances antioxidant action of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate against NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria. J Pineal Res. 2010, 49: 149-155.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ochoa JJ, Díaz-Castro J, Kajarabille N, García C, Guisado IM, De Teresa C, Guisado R: Melatonin supplementation ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling induced by strenuous exercise in adult human males. J Pineal Res. 2011, 51: 373-380. 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00899.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Leunis JC: In chronic fatigue syndrome, the decreased levels of omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids are related to lowered serum zinc and defects in T cell activation. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005, 26: 745-751.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calder PC: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: New twists in an old tale. Biochimie. 2009, 91: 791-795. 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.01.008.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H: Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991, 11: 81-128. 10.1016/0891-5849(91)90192-6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumar P, Kale RK, Baquer NZ: Estradiol modulates membrane-linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, membrane fluidity, lipid peroxidation, and lipofuscin in aged rat liver. J Aging Res. 2011, 2011: 580245.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Garcia JJ, Pinol-Ripoll G, Martinez-Ballarn E, Fuentes-Broto L, Miana-Mena FJ, Venegas C, Caballero B, Escames G, Coto-Montes A, Acuña-Castroviejo D: Melatonin reduces membrane rigidity and oxidative damage in the brain of SAMP(8) mice. Neurobiol Aging. 2011, 32: 2045-2054. 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.013.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nava F, Carta G: Melatonin reduces anxiety induced by lipopolysaccharide in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 2001, 307: 57-60. 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01930-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chang CC, Tien CH, Lee EJ, Juan WS, Chen YH, Hung YC, Chen TY, Chen HY, Wu TS: Melatonin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells and a mouse model of meningitis. J Pineal Res. 2012, 53: 188-197. 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.00986.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boullerne A, Petry KG, Geffard M: Circulating antibodies directed against conjugated fatty acids in sera of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 1996, 65: 75-81. 10.1016/0165-5728(96)00010-0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hokama Y, Camproa CE, Hara C, Higa N, Siu N, Lau R, Kuribayashi T, Yabusaki K: Acute phase phospholipids related to the cardiolipin of mitochondria in the sera of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic Ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP), and other diseases attributed to chemicals, Gulf War, and marine toxins. J Clin Lab Anal. 2008, 22: 99-105. 10.1002/jcla.20217.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hokama Y, Camproa CE, Hara C, Kuribayashi T, Le Huynh D, Yabusaki K: Anticardiolipin antibodies in the sera of patients with diagnosed chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal. 2009, 23: 210-212. 10.1002/jcla.20325.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchwald MD, Wener MH, Komaroff AL: Antineuronal antibody levels in chronic fatigue syndrome patients with neurologic abnormalities. 1991, 34: 1485-1486.
Google Scholar
Bassi N, Amital D, Amital H, Doria A, Shoenfeld Y: Chronic fatigue syndrome: characteristics and possible causes for its pathogenesis. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008, 10: 79-82.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nishikai M: Antinuclear antibodies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Nippon Rinsho. 2007, 65: 1067-1070.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klein R, Berg PA: High incidence of antibodies to 5-hydroxytryptamine, gangliosides and phospholipids in patients with chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia syndrome and their relatives: evidence for a clinical entity of both disorders. Eur J Med Res. 1995, 1: 21-26.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tanaka S, Kuratsune H, Hidaka Y, Hakariya Y, Tatsumi KI, Takano T, Kanakura Y, Amino N: Autoantibodies against muscarinic cholinergic receptor in chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Mol Med. 2003, 12: 225-230.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mostafa GA, Ibrahim DH, Shehab AA, Mohammed AK: The role of measurement of serum autoantibodies in prediction of pediatric neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neuroimmunol. 2010, 227: 195-201. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.07.014.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kato T, Hatanaka K: Purification of gangliosides by liquid-liquid partition chromatography. J Lipid Res. 2008, 49: 2474-2478. 10.1194/jlr.D800033-JLR200.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adelman JS, Bentley GE, Wingfield JC, Martin LB, Hau M: Population differences in fever and sickness behaviors in a wild passerine: a role for cytokines. J Exp Biol. 2010, 213: 4099-4109. 10.1242/jeb.049528.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hains LE, Loram LC, Taylor FR, Strand KA, Wieseler JL, Barrientos RM, Young JJ, Frank MG, Sobesky J, Martin TJ, Eisenach JC, Maier SF, Johnson JD, Fleshner M, Watkins LR: Prior laparotomy or corticosterone potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and sickness behaviors. J Neuroimmunol. 2011, 239: 53-60. 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.08.011.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Besedovsky H, del Rey A, Sorkin E, Dinarello CA: Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones. Science. 1986, 233: 652-654. 10.1126/science.3014662.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dunn AJ: Systemic interleukin-1 administration stimulates hypothalamic norepinephrine metabolism parallelling the increased plasma corticosterone. Life Sci. 1988, 43: 429-435. 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90522-X.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pavlov VA, Wang H, Czura CJ, Friedman SG, Tracey KJ: The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a missing link in neuroimmunomodulation. Mol Med. 2003, 9: 125-134.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Necela BM, Cidlowski JA: Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor action in noninflammatory and inflammatory cells. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2004, 1: 239-246. 10.1513/pats.200402-005MS.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turan T, Izgi HB, Ozsoy S, Tanrıverdi F, Basturk M, Asdemir A, Beşirli A, Esel E, Sofuoglu S: The effects of galantamine hydrobromide treatment on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychiatry Investig. 2009, 6: 204-210. 10.4306/pi.2009.6.3.204.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Scott LV, Dinan TG: Urinary free cortisol excretion in chronic fatigue syndrome, major depression and in healthy volunteers. J Affect Disord. 1998, 47: 49-54. 10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00101-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Papadopoulos AS, Cleare AJ: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011, 8: 22-32. 10.1038/nrendo.2011.153.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tak LM, Cleare AJ, Ormel J, Manoharan A, Kok IC, Wessely S, Rosmalen JG: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in functional somatic disorders. Biol Psychol. 2011, 87: 183-194. 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.002.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Demitrack MA, Dale JK, Straus SE, Laue L, Listwak SJ, Kruesi MJ, Chrousos GP, Gold PW: Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991, 73: 1224-1234. 10.1210/jcem-73-6-1224.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scott LV, Medbak S, Dinan TG: Blunted adrenocorticotropin and cortisol responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998, 97: 450-457. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10030.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scott LV, Teh J, Reznek R, Martin A, Sohaib A, Dinan TG: Small adrenal glands in chronic fatigue syndrome: a preliminary computer tomography study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1999, 24: 759-768. 10.1016/S0306-4530(99)00028-1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jerjes WK, Taylor NF, Wood PJ, Cleare AJ: Enhanced feedback sensitivity to prednisolone in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007, 32: 192-198. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.12.005.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Visser J, Lentjes E, Haspels I, Graffelman W, Blauw B, de Kloet R, Nagelkerken L: Increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic fatigue syndrome patients, without evidence for altered density or affinity of glucocorticoid receptors. J Investig Med. 2001, 49: 195-204. 10.2310/6650.2001.34047.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP, Weber JS: Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993, 77: 1690-1694. 10.1210/jc.77.6.1690.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jaattela M, Ilvesmaki V, Voutilainen R, Stenman UH, Saksela E: Tumor necrosis factor as a potent inhibitor of adrenocorticotropin-induced cortisol production and steroidogenic P450 enzyme gene expression in cultured human fetal adrenal cells. Endocrinology. 1991, 128: 623-639. 10.1210/endo-128-1-623.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhu Q, Solomon S: Isolation and mode of action of rabbit corticostatic (antiadrenocorticotropin) peptides. Endocrinology. 1992, 130: 1413-1423. 10.1210/en.130.3.1413.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harden LM, du Plessis I, Poole S, Laburn HP: Interleukin-6 and leptin mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and sickness behavior. Physiol Behav. 2006, 89: 146-155. 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.05.016.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carlton ED, Demas GE, French SS: Leptin, a neuroendocrine mediator of immune responses, inflammation, and sickness behaviors. Horm Behav. 2012, 62: 272-279. 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.010.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sherry CL, Kramer JM, York JM, Freund GG: Behavioral recovery from acute hypoxia is reliant on leptin. Brain Behav Immun. 2009, 23: 169-175. 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.09.011.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lawrence CB, Brough D, Knight EM: Obese mice exhibit an altered behavioural and inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. Dis Model Mech. 2012, 5: 649-659. 10.1242/dmm.009068.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cleare AJ, O'Keane V, Miell J: Plasma leptin in chronic fatigue syndrome and a placebo-controlled study of the effects of low-dose hydrocortisone on leptin secretion. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001, 55: 113-119. 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01341.x.
CAS
Google Scholar
Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Williams LJ, Henry MJ, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA, Berk M: Leptin in depressed women: cross-sectional and longitudinal data from an epidemiologic study. J Affect Disord. 2008, 107: 221-225. 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.024.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beccano-Kelly D, Harvey J: Leptin: a novel therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease?. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012, 2012: 594137.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Farooqui AA, Farooqui T, Panza F, Frisardi V: Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for neurological disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012, 69: 741-762. 10.1007/s00018-011-0840-1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maloney EM, Boneva RS, Lin JM, Reeves WC: Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with metabolic syndrome: results from a case-control study in Georgia. Metabolism. 2010, 59: 1351-1357. 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.019.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roubenoff R, Roubenoff RA, Cannon JG, Kehayias JJ, Zhuang H, Dawson-Hughes B, Dinarello CA, Rosenberg IH: Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. J Clin Invest. 1994, 93: 2379-2386. 10.1172/JCI117244.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Medzhitov R: Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell. 2010, 140: 771-776. 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.006.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Naess H, Sundal E, Myhr KM, Nyland HI: Postinfectious and chronic fatigue syndromes: clinical experience from a tertiary-referral centre in Norway. In Vivo. 2010, 24: 185-188.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Strickland PS, Levine PH, Peterson DL, O'Brien K, Fears T: Neuromyasthenia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in Northern Nevada/California: a ten-year follow-up of an outbreak. J Chron Fatigue Syndr. 2001, 9: 3-14.
CAS
Google Scholar
Maes M: Inflammatory, and oxidative and nitrosative stress cascades as new drug targets in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry - Inflammation in Psychiatry. Edited by: Leonard B, Halaris A. Basel. Switzerland: S. Karger AG.
Nicolson GL, Nicolson NL, Haier J: Chronic fatigue syndrome patients subsequently diagnosed with Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi: evidence for mycoplasma species co-infections. J Chron Fatigue Syndr. 2008, 14: 5-17. 10.1080/10573320802091809.
Google Scholar
Chia JK, Chia AY: Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach. J Clin Pathol. 2008, 61: 43-48.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hilgers A, Frank J: Chronic fatigue syndrome: immune dysfunction, role of pathogens and toxic agents and neurological and cardial changes. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1994, 144: 399-406.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nicolson GL, Gan R, Haier J: Multiple co-infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, human herpesvirus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients: association with signs and symptoms. APMIS. 2003, 111: 557-566. 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110504.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goudsmit EM, Howes S: Pacing to manage chronic fatigue syndrome Pacing: an additional strategy to manage fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome. [http://freespace.virgin.net/david.axford/pacing.htm]
Kerr JR, Gough J, Richards SC, Main J, Enlander D, McCreary M, Komaroff AL, Chia JK: Antibody to parvovirus B19 nonstructural protein is associated with chronic arthralgia in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Gen Virol. 2010, 91: 893-897. 10.1099/vir.0.017590-0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Broderick G, Fuite J, Kreitz A, Vernon SD, Klimas N, Fletcher MA: A formal analysis of cytokine networks in chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun. 2010, 24: 1209-1217. 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.012.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang L, Gough J, Christmas D, Mattey DL, Richards SC, Main J, Enlander D, Honeybourne D, Ayres JG, Nutt DJ, Kerr JR: Microbial infections in eight genomic subtypes of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. J Clin Pathol. 2010, 63: 56-164.
Google Scholar
van Langenberg DR, Gibson PR: Systematic review: fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010, 32: 131-143. 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04347.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McKechnie F, Lewis S, Mead G: A pilot observational study of the association between fatigue after stroke and C-reactive protein. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2010, 40: 9-12. 10.4997/JRCPE.2010.103.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pascoe MC, Crewther SG, Carey LM, Crewther DP: Inflammation and depression: why poststroke depression may be the norm and not the exception. Int J Stroke. 2011, 6: 128-135. 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00565.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick AL, Reed T, Goldberg J, Buchwald D: The association between prolonged fatigue and cardiovascular disease in World War II veteran twins. Twin Res. 2004, 7: 571-577.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sakkas GK, Karatzaferi C: Hemodialysis fatigue: just "simple" fatigue or a syndrome on its own right?. Front Physiol. 2012, 3: 306.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kuo SY, Yang YL, Kuo PC, Tseng CM, Tzeng YL: Trajectories of depressive symptoms and fatigue among postpartum women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2012, 41: 216-226. 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01331.x.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wichers MC, Kenis G, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Nicolson NA, Maes M: Interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms are related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisol. J Psychosom Res. 2007, 62: 207-214. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.007.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nashan D, Reuter K, Mohr P, Agarwala SS: Understanding and managing interferon-α-related fatigue in patients with melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2012, 22: 415-423. 10.1097/CMR.0b013e328358d98c.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maes M, Leunis JC: Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from Gram-negative bacteria. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008, 29: 902-910.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kang HK, Natelson BH, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Murphy FM: Post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness among Gulf War veterans: a population-based survey of 30,000 veterans. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 57: 141-148.
Google Scholar
Maes M, Van Bockstaele DR, Gastel A, Song C, Schotte C, Neels H, DeMeester I, Scharpe S, Janca A: The effects of psychological stress on leukocyte subset distribution in humans: evidence of immune activation. Neuropsychobiology. 1999, 39: 1-9. 10.1159/000026552.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berkovitz S, Ambler G, Jenkins M, Thurgood S: Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in chronic fatigue syndrome: a retrospective survey. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2009, 79: 250-254. 10.1024/0300-9831.79.4.250.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen Y, Kong J, Sun T, Li G, Szeto FL, Liu W, Deb DK, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Thadhani R, Li YC: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses inflammation-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by blocking nuclear factor-κB activation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011, 507: 241-247. 10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.020.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fukuda S, Hashimoto R, Ohi K, Yamaguti K, Nakatomi Y, Yasuda Y, Kamino K, Takeda M, Tajima S, Kuratsune H, Nishizawa Y, Watanabe Y: A functional polymorphism in the disrupted-in schizophrenia 1 gene is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Life Sci. 2010, 86: 722-725. 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.03.007.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Young-Pearse TL, Suth S, Luth ES, Sawa A, Selkoe DJ: Biochemical and functional interaction of DISC1 and APP regulates neuronal migration during mammalian cortical development. Neurosci. 2010, 30: 10431-10440. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1445-10.2010.
CAS
Google Scholar
Dietert RR, Dietert JM: Possible role for early-life immune insult including developmental immunotoxicity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Toxicology. 2008, 247: 61-72. 10.1016/j.tox.2008.01.022.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar