Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR. Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev. 1998;18(7):765–94.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Twenge JM, Gentile B, DeWall CN, Ma D, Lacefield K, Schurtz DR. Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938–2007: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30(2):145–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weissman MM, Wolk S, Goldstein RB, et al. Depressed adolescents grown up. JAMA. 1999;281(18):1707–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ. Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(3):225–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Birmaher B, Williamson DE, Dahl RE, et al. Clinical presentation and course of depression in youth: does onset in childhood differ from onset in adolescence? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(1):63–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fombonne E, Wostear G, Cooper V, Harrington R, Rutter M. The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 1. Psychiatric outcomes in adulthood. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;179:210–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cipriani A, Zhou X, Del Giovane C, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;388(10047):881–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hetrick SE, McKenzie JE, Cox GR, Simmons MB, Merry SN. Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:1-133.
Davey CG, Chanen AM, Hetrick SE, et al. The addition of fluoxetine to cognitive behavioural therapy for youth depression (YoDA-C): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(9):735–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hirschfeld RM. History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(Suppl 6):4–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haase J, Brown E. Integrating the monoamine, neurotrophin and cytokine hypotheses of depression—a central role for the serotonin transporter? Pharmacol Ther. 2015;147:1–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, et al. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR* D: implications for clinical practice. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(1):28–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berk M, Nierenberg AA. Three paths to drug discovery in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(5):412–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berk M, Kapczinski F, Andreazza A, et al. Pathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35(3):804–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Breese CR, Freedman R, Leonard SS. Glutamate receptor subtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abusers. Brain Res. 1995;674(1):82–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Valkanova V, Ebmeier KP, Allan CL. CRP, IL-6 and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(3):736–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gabbay V, Klein RG, Guttman LE, et al. A preliminary study of cytokines in suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents with major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(4):423–30.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Flouri E, Francesconi M, Midouhas E, Lewis G. Prenatal and childhood adverse life events, inflammation and depressive symptoms across adolescence. J Affect Disord. 2019;260:577–82.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Reid BM, Doom JR, Argote RB, et al. Pathways to inflammation in adolescence through early adversity, childhood depressive symptoms, and body mass index: a prospective longitudinal study of Chilean infants. Brain Behav Immun. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.003.
Pasco JA, Nicholson GC, Williams LJ, et al. Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197(5):372–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moriarity DP, Giollabhui NM, Ellman LM, et al. Inflammatory proteins predict change in depressive symptoms in male and female adolescents. Clin Psychol Sci. 2019;7(4):754–67.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sicard P, Delemasure S, Korandji C, et al. Anti-hypertensive effects of rosuvastatin are associated with decreased inflammation and oxidative stress markers in hypertensive rats. Free Radic Res. 2008;42(3):226–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gomez-Garcia A, Martinez Torres G, Ortega-Pierres LE, Rodriguez-Ayala E, Alvarez-Aguilar C. Rosuvastatin and metformin decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2007;60(12):1242–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kilic FS, Ozatik Y, Kaygisiz B, Baydemir C, Erol K. Acute antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of simvastatin and its mechanisms in rats. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2012;17(1):39–43.
Google Scholar
Berk M, Dean O, Drexhage H, et al. Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness. BMC Med. 2013;11:74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Williams LJ, Pasco JA, Mohebbi M, et al. Statin and aspirin use and the risk of mood disorders among men. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;19(6):1–4.
Almeida OP, Flicker L, Yeap BB, Alfonso H, McCaul K, Hankey GJ. Aspirin decreases the risk of depression in older men with high plasma homocysteine. Transl Psychiatry. 2012;2:e151.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Glaus J, Vandeleur CL, Lasserre AM, et al. Aspirin and statin use and the subsequent development of depression in men and women: results from a longitudinal population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2015;182:126–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wium-Andersen IK, Wium-Andersen MK, Jørgensen MB, Osler M. Anti-inflammatory treatment and risk of depression in 91,842 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 91,860 individuals without acute coronary syndrome in Denmark. Int J Cardiol. 2017;246:1–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kessing LV, Rytgaard HC, Gerds TA, Berk M, Ekstrom CT, Andersen PK. New drug candidates for depression - a nationwide population-based study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2018;139(1):68–77.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Veronese N, Koyanagi A, Stubbs B, et al. Aspirin and incident depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study over 8 years. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;33(2):e193–e8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ghanizadeh A, Hedayati A. Augmentation of fluoxetine with lovastatin for treating major depressive disorder, a randomized double-blind placebo controlled-clinical trial. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(11):1084–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haghighi M, Khodakarami S, Jahangard L, et al. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, adjuvant atorvastatin improved symptoms of depression and blood lipid values in patients suffering from severe major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2014;58:109–14.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim S, Bae K, Kim J, et al. The use of statins for the treatment of depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5(8):e620.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Salagre E, Fernandes BS, Dodd S, Brownstein DJ, Berk M. Statins for the treatment of depression: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2016;200:235–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sepehrmanesh Z, Fahimi H, Akasheh G, Davoudi M, Gilasi H, Ghaderi A. The effects of combined sertraline and aspirin therapy on depression severity among patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician. 2017;9(11):5770.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Montgomery SA, Åsberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134(4):382–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quinn AL, Dean OM, Davey CG, et al. Youth Depression Alleviation-Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A): protocol and rationale for a placebo-controlled randomized trial of rosuvastatin and aspirin. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2018;12(1):45–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1995.
Google Scholar
Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle J, Saunders J, Monteiro M. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): guidelines for use in primary care. Geneva: World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse; 2001.
Bhatt S, Shukla P, Raval J, Goswami S. Role of aspirin and dexamethasone against experimentally induced depression in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016;119(1):10–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Handbook AM. Australian medicines handbook 2018. Adelaide: Australians Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd; 2018.
Google Scholar
Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Ibrahim HM, et al. The 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): a psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54(5):573–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guy W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Rockville Maryland: US Department of Health, and Welfare; 1976. p. 534–7.
Mohebbi M, Dodd S, Dean O, Berk M. Patient centric measures for a patient centric era: agreement and convergent between ratings on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale and the Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement (CGI-S) scale in bipolar and major depressive disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2018;53:17–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W, Blumenthal R. Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire: a new measure. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1993;29(2):321–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Thompson WD, Harding PS, Myers JK. Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1978;166(5):317–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morosini PL, Magliano L, Brambilla L, Ugolini S, Pioli R. Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101(4):323–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Livesley W, Jackson D. Manual for the dimensional assessment of personality pathology—basic questionnaire. Port Huron: Sigma; 2009.
Google Scholar
Robichaud M, Dugas MJ. Negative problem orientation (part I): psychometric properties of a new measure. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(3):391–401.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ratheesh A, Davey C, Hetrick S, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective transition from major depression to bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017;135(4):273–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nassir Ghaemi S, Miller CJ, Berv DA, Klugman J, Rosenquist KJ, Pies RW. Sensitivity and specificity of a new bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale. J Affect Disord. 2005;84(2–3):273–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hopewell S, Clarke M, Moher D, et al. CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):281–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG, Group C. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Clin Oral Investig. 2003;7(1):2–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Therapeutic Goods Administration. Note for guidance on good clinical practice (CPMP/ICH/135/95–annotated with TGA comments). 2000.
Google Scholar
Government A. National statement on ethical conduct in human research (2007)—updated May 2015. In: Council NHaMR, editor 2015.
Corp S. Stata statistical software: release 15. College Station: StataCorp LLC; 2017.
Google Scholar
Hubbard AE, Ahern J, Fleischer NL, et al. To GEE or not to GEE: comparing population average and mixed models for estimating the associations between neighborhood risk factors and health. Epidemiology. 2010;21:467–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pan W. On the robust variance estimator in generalised estimating equations. Biometrika. 2001;88(3):901–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 2nd edn. Hillsdale: Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale; 1988.
Google Scholar
Dodd S, Berk M, Kelin K, et al. Application of the gradient boosted method in randomised clinical trials: participant variables that contribute to depression treatment efficacy of duloxetine, SSRIs or placebo. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:284–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dodd S, Berk M, Kelin K, Mancini M, Schacht A. Treatment response for acute depression is not associated with number of previous episodes: lack of evidence for a clinical staging model for major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(2):344–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dreimuller N, Lieb K, Tadic A, Engelmann J, Wollschlager D, Wagner S. Body mass index (BMI) in major depressive disorder and its effects on depressive symptomatology and antidepressant response. J Affect Disord. 2019;256:524–31.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Laan W, Grobbee DE, Selten JP, Heijnen CJ, Kahn RS, Burger H. Adjuvant aspirin therapy reduces symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(5):520–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ikonomidis I, Andreotti F, Economou E, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas P, Nihoyannopoulos P. Increased proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic stable angina and their reduction by aspirin. Circulation. 1999;100(8):793–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9670):1175–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Redlich C, Berk M, Williams LJ, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Li X. Statin use and risk of depression: a Swedish national cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14(1):348.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar