Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am College Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982–3021.
Article
Google Scholar
Afshin A, Sur PJ, Fay KA, Cornaby L, Ferrara G, Salama JS, et al. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1958–72.
Article
Google Scholar
Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J, Winter N, Mete E, Te Morenga L. Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Lancet. 2019;393(10170):434–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reynolds AN, Akerman AP, Mann J. Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS Med. 2020;17(3):e1003053.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists C. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Mozaffarian D, Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Beyond established and novel risk factors: lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008;117(23):3031–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd Edition. Chichester: Wiley; 2019.
World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development: World Health Organization; 2014.
Google Scholar
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. Available at https://www.covidence.org.
Wells G, Shea B, O’connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. oxford. asp; 2011.
Google Scholar
Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Bmj. 2011;343:d5928.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Orsini N, Bellocco R, Greenland S. Generalized least squares for trend estimation of summarized dose-response data. Stata J. 2006;6(1):40.
Article
Google Scholar
Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. Bri Med J. 2003;327(7414):557.
Article
Google Scholar
Cochran WG. The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics. 1954;10(1):101–29.
Article
Google Scholar
Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Bmj. 1997;315(7109):629–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot–based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000;56(2):455–63.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ness AR, Hughes J, Elwood PC, Whitley E, Smith G, Burr ML. The long-term effect of dietary advice in men with coronary disease: follow-up of the Diet and Reinfarction trial (DART). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(6):512–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li S, Flint A, Pai JK, Forman JP, Hu FB, Willett WC, et al. Dietary fiber intake and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g2659. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2659.
Wu J-R, Leu H-B, Yin W-H, Tseng W-K, Wu Y-W, Lin T-H, et al. The benefit of secondary prevention with oat fiber in reducing future cardiovascular event among CAD patients after coronary intervention. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1–6.
Google Scholar
Salenius J-P, Harju E, Jokela H, Riekkinen H, Silvasti M. Long term effects of guar gum on lipid metabolism after carotid endarterectomy. BMJ. Bri Med J. 1995;310(6972):95.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jang Y, Lee JH, Kim OY, Park HY, Lee SY. Consumption of whole grain and legume powder reduces insulin demand, lipid peroxidation, and plasma homocysteine concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease: randomized controlled clinical trial. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc Biol. 2001;21(12):2065–71.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vajifdar B, Goyal V, Lokhandwala Y, Mhamunkar S, Mahadik S, Gawad A, et al. Is dietary fiber beneficial in chronic ischemic heart disease? J Assoc Phys India. 2000;48(9):871–6.
CAS
Google Scholar
Burke V, Hodgson JM, Beilin LJ, Giangiulioi N, Rogers P, Puddey IB. Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives. Hypertension. 2001;38(4):821–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cicero AF, Derosa G, Manca M, Bove M, Borghi C, Gaddi AV. Different effect of psyllium and guar dietary supplementation on blood pressure control in hypertensive overweight patients: a six-month, randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2007;29(6):383–94.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eliasson K, Ryttig KR, Hylander B, Rössner S. A dietary fibre supplement in the treatment of mild hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertension. 1992;10(2):195–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
He J, Streiffer RH, Muntner P, Krousel-Wood MA, Whelton PK. Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertension. 2004;22(1):73–80.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Maki K, Galant R, Samuel P, Tesser J, Witchger M, Ribaya-Mercado J, et al. Effects of consuming foods containing oat β-glucan on blood pressure, carbohydrate metabolism and biomarkers of oxidative stress in men and women with elevated blood pressure. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(6):786–95.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Connor PJ, Cherney LM. Do whole-grain oat cereals reduce the need for antihypertensive medications and improve blood pressure control? J Fam Pract. 2002;51(4):353.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schlamowitz P, Halberg T, Warnoe O, Wilstrup F, Ryttig K. Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension with dietary fibre. Lancet. 1987;2(8559):622–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)93007-8.
Xue Y, Cui L, Qi J, Ojo O, Du X, Liu Y, et al. The effect of dietary fiber (oat bran) supplement on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;31(8):2458–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yoshinuma H. Effects of Intake of Psyllium Husk on Blood Pressure in Subjects with Study. 薬理と治療. 2019;47(9):1519–27.
CAS
Google Scholar
Rabar S, Harker M, O’Flynn N, Wierzbicki AS. Lipid modification and cardiovascular risk assessment for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2014;349:g4356. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4356.
Jones NR, McCormack T, Constanti M, McManus RJ. Diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults: NICE guideline update 2019. Bri J Gen Pract. 2020;70(691):90–1.
Article
Google Scholar
Guideline NICE. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification UK; 2014.
Google Scholar
Horn LV, Carson JAS, Appel LJ, Burke LE, Economos C, Karmally W, et al. Recommended Dietary Pattern to Achieve Adherence to the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Guidelines: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2016;134(22):e505–e29.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2019;290:140–205.
Article
Google Scholar
Hollander W. Role of hypertension in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 1976;38(6):786–800.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chutkan R, Fahey G, Wright WL, McRorie J. Viscous versus nonviscous soluble fiber supplements: Mechanisms and evidence for fiber-specific health benefits. J Am Acad Nurse Practition. 2012;24(8):476–87.
Article
Google Scholar
Lapum JL, Verkuyl M, Garcia W, St-Amant O, Tan A. Vital Sign Measurement Across the Lifespan-1st Canadian edition; 2018.
Google Scholar
Baron AD. Hemodynamic actions of insulin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1994;267(2):E187–202.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nandi I, Ghosh M. Studies on functional and antioxidant property of dietary fibre extracted from defatted sesame husk, rice bran and flaxseed. Bioactive Carbohydrates Dietary Fibre. 2015;5(2):129–36.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Poznyak AV, Grechko AV, Orekhova VA, Chegodaev YS, Wu W-K, Orekhov AN. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in atherosclerosis development and treatment. Biology. 2020;9(3):60.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ohta M, Nanri H, Matsushima Y, Sato Y, Ikeda M. Blood pressure-lowering effects of lifestyle modification: possible involvement of nitric oxide bioavailability. Hypertens Res. 2005;28(10):779–86.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lundberg JO, Feelisch M, Björne H, Jansson EÅ, Weitzberg E. Cardioprotective effects of vegetables: Is nitrate the answer? Nitric Oxide. 2006;15(4):359–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neter JE, Stam BE, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM. Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2003;42(5):878–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sanders LM, Zhu Y, Wilcox ML, Koecher K, Maki KC. Effects of whole grain intake, compared with refined grain, on appetite and energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr. 2021;12(4):1177–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa178.
Beyerbach J, Stadelmaier J, Hoffmann G, Balduzzi S, Bröckelmann N, Schwingshackl L. Evaluating Concordance of Bodies of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials, Dietary Intake, and Biomarkers of Intake in Cohort Studies: A Meta-Epidemiological Study. Adv Nutr. 2021;13(1):48–65. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab095.
ACTRN12620000689976p. Optimal carbohydrate or optimal fat intakes for cardiometabolic risk factor management in adults with coronary heart disease: randomised controlled trial. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. 2020. Available at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Default.aspx.