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  1. Despite recent advances through the development pipeline, how novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines might affect rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is unknown. We investigated the...

    Authors: Chathika K Weerasuriya, Rebecca C Harris, C Finn McQuaid, Fiammetta Bozzani, Yunzhou Ruan, Renzhong Li, Tao Li, Kirankumar Rade, Raghuram Rao, Ann M Ginsberg, Gabriela B Gomez and Richard G White
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:60

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2022 20:99

  2. Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs and glycolysis are both recognized as key regulators of cancers. Some lncRNAs are also reportedly involved in regulating glycolysis metabolism. However, glycolysis-associated lncRNA si...

    Authors: Kuo-Hao Ho, Tzu-Wen Huang, Chwen-Ming Shih, Yi-Ting Lee, Ann-Jeng Liu, Peng-Hsu Chen and Ku-Chung Chen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:59
  3. Males experience higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) than females, but the circulating traits underpinning this difference are poorly understood. We examined sex differences in systemic metabolites me...

    Authors: Joshua A. Bell, Diana L. Santos Ferreira, Abigail Fraser, Ana Luiza G. Soares, Laura D. Howe, Deborah A. Lawlor, David Carslake, George Davey Smith and Linda M. O’Keeffe
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:58
  4. Following the initial identification of the 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19), the subsequent months saw substantial increases in published biomedical research. Concerns have been raised in both scientific a...

    Authors: Terence J. Quinn, Jennifer K. Burton, Ben Carter, Nicola Cooper, Kerry Dwan, Ryan Field, Suzanne C. Freeman, Claudia Geue, Ping-Hsuan Hsieh, Kris McGill, Clareece R. Nevill, Dikshyanta Rana, Alex Sutton, Martin Taylor Rowan and Yiqiao Xin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:46

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2021 19:207

  5. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of severe COVID-19 to prior drug prescribing.

    Authors: Paul M. McKeigue, Sharon Kennedy, Amanda Weir, Jen Bishop, Stuart J. McGurnaghan, David McAllister, Chris Robertson, Rachael Wood, Nazir Lone, Janet Murray, Thomas M. Caparrotta, Alison Smith-Palmer, David Goldberg, Jim McMenamin, Bruce Guthrie, Sharon Hutchinson…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:51
  6. Mounting evidence suggests that maternal diet influences pregnancy and birth outcomes, but its contribution to the global epidemic of childhood obesity has not as yet been definitively characterized. We invest...

    Authors: Ling-Wei Chen, Adrien M. Aubert, Nitin Shivappa, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Sara M. Mensink-Bout, Aisling A. Geraghty, John Mehegan, Matthew Suderman, Kinga Polanska, Wojciech Hanke, Agnieszka Jankowska, Caroline L. Relton, Sarah R. Crozier, Nicholas C. Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, Mark Hanson…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:33

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2021 19:68

  7. England’s COVID-19 response transitioned from a national lockdown to localised interventions. In response to rising cases, these were supplemented by national restrictions on contacts (the Rule of Six), then 1...

    Authors: Christopher I. Jarvis, Amy Gimma, Kevin van Zandvoort, Kerry L. M. Wong and W. John Edmunds
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:52
  8. The micronutrient iodine is essential for a healthy intrauterine environment and is required for optimal fetal growth and neurodevelopment. Evidence linking urinary iodine concentrations, which mainly reflects...

    Authors: Kristof Y. Neven, Bianca Cox, Charlotte Cosemans, Wilfried Gyselaers, Joris Penders, Michelle Plusquin, Harry A. Roels, Karen Vrijens, Ann Ruttens and Tim S. Nawrot
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:47
  9. The C2HEST score has been validated for predicting AF in the general population or post-stroke patients. We aimed to assess whether this risk score could predict incident AF and other clinical outcomes in heart f...

    Authors: Weihao Liang, Yuzhong Wu, Ruicong Xue, Zexuan Wu, Dexi Wu, Jiangui He, Yugang Dong, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Wengen Zhu and Chen Liu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:44
  10. Following implementation of strong containment measures, several countries and regions have low detectable community transmission of COVID-19. We developed an efficient, rapid, and scalable surveillance strate...

    Authors: K. Lokuge, E. Banks, S. Davis, L. Roberts, T. Street, D. O’Donovan, G. Caleo and K. Glass
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:50
  11. Serum transferrin levels represent an independent predictor of mortality in patients with liver failure. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a master regulator of hepatocyte functions. The aim of this...

    Authors: Nurdan Guldiken, Josepmaria Argemi, Berivan Gurbuz, Stephen R. Atkinson, Martin Oliverius, Petr Fila, Karim Hamesch, Tony Bruns, Joaquín Cabezas, Juan J. Lozano, Jelena Mann, Sheng Cao, Philippe Mathurin, Vijay H. Shah, Christian Trautwein, Mark R. Thursz…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:39
  12. Despite the growing burden of heart failure (HF), there have been no recommendations for use of any of the primary prevention models in the existing guidelines. HF was also not included as an outcome in the Am...

    Authors: Banafsheh Arshi, Jan C. van den Berge, Bart van Dijk, Jaap W. Deckers, M. Arfan Ikram and Maryam Kavousi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:43
  13. Characteristics of the built environment, such as neighbourhood fast-food outlet exposure, are increasingly recognised as risk factors for unhealthy diet and obesity. Obesity also has a genetic component, with...

    Authors: Thomas Burgoine, Pablo Monsivais, Stephen J. Sharp, Nita G. Forouhi and Nicholas J. Wareham
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:49
  14. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoskeletal protein component whose release into blood is indicative of neuronal damage. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein in neurons and strongly associated with ov...

    Authors: Nicole Rübsamen, Aleksandra Maceski, David Leppert, Pascal Benkert, Jens Kuhle, Heinz Wiendl, Annette Peters, André Karch and Klaus Berger
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:38
  15. Adults increasingly live and die with chronic progressive conditions into advanced age. Many live with multimorbidity and an uncertain illness trajectory with points of marked decline, loss of function and inc...

    Authors: Catherine J. Evans, Laura Potts, Ursula Dalrymple, Andrew Pring, Julia Verne, Irene J. Higginson and Wei Gao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:48
  16. Chronic inflammation, which can be modulated by diet, is linked to high white blood cell counts and correlates with higher cardiometabolic risk and risk of more severe infections, as in the case of COVID-19.

    Authors: Cristina Menni, Panayiotis Louca, Sarah E. Berry, Amrita Vijay, Stuart Astbury, Emily R. Leeming, Rachel Gibson, Francesco Asnicar, Gianmarco Piccinno, Jonathan Wolf, Richard Davies, Massimo Mangino, Nicola Segata, Tim D. Spector and Ana M. Valdes
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:37
  17. All countries are facing decisions about which population groups to prioritize for access to COVID-19 vaccination after the first vaccine products have been licensed, at which time supply shortages are inevita...

    Authors: Juan Yang, Wen Zheng, Huilin Shi, Xuemei Yan, Kaige Dong, Qian You, Guangjie Zhong, Hui Gong, Zhiyuan Chen, Mark Jit, Cecile Viboud, Marco Ajelli and Hongjie Yu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:45
  18. The cardiovascular health index (CVHI) introduced by the American Heart Association is a valid, accessible, simple, and translatable metric for monitoring cardiovascular health in a population. Components of t...

    Authors: Engelbert A. Nonterah, Nigel J. Crowther, Abraham Oduro, Godfred Agongo, Lisa K. Micklesfield, Palwendé R. Boua, Solomon S. R. Choma, Shukri F. Mohamed, Herman Sorgho, Stephen M. Tollman, Shane A. Norris, Frederick J. Raal, Diederick E. Grobbee, Michelé Ramsay, Michiel L. Bots and Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:30
  19. The Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) is the traditional diet of Northern Portugal and North-Western Spain. Higher adherence to the SEAD has been associated with lower levels of some cardiovascular risk f...

    Authors: Adrián Carballo-Casla, Rosario Ortolá, Esther García-Esquinas, Andreia Oliveira, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Carla Lopes, Esther Lopez-Garcia and Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:36
  20. The frailty index (FI) is a well-recognized measurement for risk stratification in older people. Among middle-aged and older people, we examined the prospective association between the FI and mortality as well...

    Authors: R. C. Oude Voshaar, H. W. Jeuring, M. K. Borges, R. H. S. van den Brink, R. M. Marijnissen, E. O. Hoogendijk, B. van Munster and I. Aprahamian
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:29
  21. Preterm birth affects almost 9–11% of newborns and is one of the leading causes of childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities; the underlying molecular networks are poorly defined. In neurons, retrotransposons ...

    Authors: Camilla Fontana, Federica Marasca, Livia Provitera, Sara Mancinelli, Nicola Pesenti, Shruti Sinha, Sofia Passera, Sergio Abrignani, Fabio Mosca, Simona Lodato, Beatrice Bodega and Monica Fumagalli
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:42
  22. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to reduce transmission of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, empirical evidence of the effectiveness of s...

    Authors: Yang Liu, Christian Morgenstern, James Kelly, Rachel Lowe and Mark Jit
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:40
  23. There is little information on care-seeking patterns for sexual assault and domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in emergency department (ED) a...

    Authors: Katherine A. Muldoon, Kathryn M. Denize, Robert Talarico, Deshayne B. Fell, Agnes Sobiesiak, Melissa Heimerl and Kari Sampsel
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:20
  24. With increasing life expectancy in China, no large population-based studies have been done on the trend for musculoskeletal disorders in China. We have investigated the pattern and trend of five major musculos...

    Authors: Dongze Wu, Priscilla Wong, Cui Guo, Lai-Shan Tam and Jieruo Gu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:34
  25. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine measles immunisation and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) in most countries including Kenya. We assessed the risk of measles outbreaks during the pandemi...

    Authors: C. N. Mburu, J. Ojal, R. Chebet, D. Akech, B. Karia, J. Tuju, A. Sigilai, K. Abbas, M. Jit, S. Funk, G. Smits, P. G. M. van Gageldonk, F. R. M. van der Klis, C. Tabu, D. J. Nokes, JAG Scott…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:35
  26. To manage the risk factors and to improve clinical outcomes, patients with stroke commonly receive multiple cardiovascular medications. However, there is a lack of evidence on the optimum combination of medica...

    Authors: Tian-Tian Ma, Ian C. K. Wong, Cate Whittlesea, Kenneth K. C. Man, Wallis Lau, Zixuan Wang, Ruth Brauer, Thomas M. MacDonald, Isla S. Mackenzie and Li Wei
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:24

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2021 19:226

  27. A critical and challenging process in immunotherapy is to identify cancer patients who could benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Exploration of predictive biomarkers could help to maximize the cl...

    Authors: Zhen Zhang, Hao-Xiang Wu, Wu-Hao Lin, Zi-Xian Wang, Lu-Ping Yang, Zhao-Lei Zeng and Hui-Yan Luo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:26
  28. Although there are many clinical and molecular biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the novel and reliable biomarkers are still required to predict the overall survival at the time of disease diagnosis.

    Authors: Jinghan Wang, Jiajia Pan, Shujuan Huang, Fenglin Li, Jiansong Huang, Xia Li, Qing Ling, Wenle Ye, Yungui Wang, Wenjuan Yu and Jie Jin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:28
  29. SARS-CoV-2 has induced a worldwide pandemic and subsequent non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control the spread of the virus. As in many countries, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany has led to a cons...

    Authors: Sahamoddin Khailaie, Tanmay Mitra, Arnab Bandyopadhyay, Marta Schips, Pietro Mascheroni, Patrizio Vanella, Berit Lange, Sebastian C. Binder and Michael Meyer-Hermann
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:32
  30. Sex hormones have been suggested to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their influence on early initiation of CRC remains unknown.

    Authors: Dong Hang, Xiaosheng He, Ane Sørlie Kværner, Andrew T. Chan, Kana Wu, Shuji Ogino, Zhibin Hu, Hongbing Shen, Edward L. Giovannucci and Mingyang Song
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:18
  31. Prognostic models developed in general cohorts with a mixture of heart failure (HF) phenotypes, though more widely applicable, are also likely to yield larger prediction errors in settings where the HF phenoty...

    Authors: Yuntao Chen, Adriaan A. Voors, Tiny Jaarsma, Chim C. Lang, Iziah E. Sama, K. Martijn Akkerhuis, Eric Boersma, Hans L. Hillege and Douwe Postmus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:21
  32. Studies systematically screening medications have successfully identified prescription medicines associated with cancer risk. However, adjustment for confounding factors in these studies has been limited. We t...

    Authors: R. D. McDowell, C. Hughes, P. Murchie and C. Cardwell
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:22
  33. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 stated that every effort should be made to provide cesarean delivery (CD) for women in need. In China, the two-child policy largely prompts the number of advanced ag...

    Authors: Ci Song, Yan Xu, Yuqing Ding, Yanfang Zhang, Na Liu, Lin Li, Zhun Li, Jiangbo Du, Hua You, Hongxia Ma, Guangfu Jin, Xudong Wang, Hongbing Shen, Yuan Lin, Xiaoqing Jiang and Zhibin Hu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:14
  34. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) is currently recommended in the UK for the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients, but little is known about its ability to detect severe cases. We aimed to evaluate ...

    Authors: Ewan Carr, Rebecca Bendayan, Daniel Bean, Matt Stammers, Wenjuan Wang, Huayu Zhang, Thomas Searle, Zeljko Kraljevic, Anthony Shek, Hang T. T. Phan, Walter Muruet, Rishi K. Gupta, Anthony J. Shinton, Mike Wyatt, Ting Shi, Xin Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:23
  35. In utero exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) is known to be associated with birth defects. The impact of in utero ZIKV exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood remains unclear. The objective of thi...

    Authors: Rebecca Grant, Olivier Fléchelles, Benoît Tressières, Mama Dialo, Narcisse Elenga, Nicolas Mediamolle, Adeline Mallard, Jean-Christophe Hebert, Noémie Lachaume, Elvire Couchy, Bruno Hoen and Arnaud Fontanet
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:12

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2021 19:41

  36. Much progress has been made in mapping genetic abnormalities linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the majority of cases still present with no known underlying cause. Furthermore, even in families...

    Authors: Sarah L. Boddy, Ilaria Giovannelli, Matilde Sassani, Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Michael P. Snyder, Eran Segal, Eran Elinav, Lynne A. Barker, Pamela J. Shaw and Christopher J. McDermott
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:13
  37. It has been well established that the TMEM106B gene rs1990622 variant was a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) risk factor. Until recently, growing evidence highlights the role of TMEM106B in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)....

    Authors: Yang Hu, Jing-yi Sun, Yan Zhang, Haihua Zhang, Shan Gao, Tao Wang, Zhifa Han, Longcai Wang, Bao-liang Sun and Guiyou Liu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:11
  38. Comorbidities affect outcomes in heart failure (HF), but are not reflected in current HF classification. The aim of this study is to characterize HF groups that account for higher-order interactions between co...

    Authors: Claudia Gulea, Rosita Zakeri and Jennifer K. Quint
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:9
  39. Malnutrition continues to affect under-five children in Africa to an overwhelming proportion. The situation is further compounded by the burden of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, association of SCD with st...

    Authors: Mohammad Redwanul Islam, Md Moinuddin, Ayeda Ahmed and Syed Moshfiqur Rahman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:5

    The Commentary to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2021 19:17

  40. A high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of several cancers; however, whether BMI is related to a larger number of cancers than currently recognized is unclear. Moreover, whether wa...

    Authors: Martina Recalde, Veronica Davila-Batista, Yesika Díaz, Michael Leitzmann, Isabelle Romieu, Heinz Freisling and Talita Duarte-Salles
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:10
  41. The etiologies of chronic neurological diseases, which heavily contribute to global disease burden, remain far from elucidated. Despite available umbrella reviews on single contributing factors or diseases, no...

    Authors: Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Efthimios Dardiotis, Vasiliki Efthymiou and George P. Chrousos
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:6

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2021 19:297

  42. Cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 from exposure to endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoV) is gaining increasing attention as a possible driver of both protection against infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we expl...

    Authors: Francesco Pinotti, Paul S. Wikramaratna, Uri Obolski, Robert S. Paton, Daniel S. C. Damineli, Luiz C. J. Alcantara, Marta Giovanetti, Sunetra Gupta and José Lourenço
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:19
  43. Alcohol consumption is a leading contributor to death and disability worldwide, but previous research has not examined the effects of different patterns of alcohol consumption. The study objective was to under...

    Authors: Bhautesh Dinesh Jani, Ross McQueenie, Barbara I. Nicholl, Ryan Field, Peter Hanlon, Katie I. Gallacher, Frances S. Mair and Jim Lewsey
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:8