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  1. The use of antibiotics is the single most important driver in antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, antibiotic overuse remains common. Decline in antibiotic prescribing in the United States coincided with the l...

    Authors: Grace C Lee, Kelly R Reveles, Russell T Attridge, Kenneth A Lawson, Ishak A Mansi, James S Lewis II and Christopher R Frei
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The existence of socio-economic inequalities in child mortality is well documented. African cities grow faster than cities in most other regions of the world; and inequalities in African cities are thought to ...

    Authors: Wilm Quentin, Olayinka Abosede, Joseph Aka, Patricia Akweongo, Kouassi Dinard, Alex Ezeh, Ramadan Hamed, Patrick Kalambayi Kayembe, Getnet Mitike, Gemini Mtei, Marguerite Te Bonle and Leonie Sundmacher
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The aim of this study is to outline a general process for assessing the feasibility of performing a valid network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to synthesize direct and indirect ev...

    Authors: Shannon Cope, Jie Zhang, Stephen Saletan, Brielan Smiechowski, Jeroen P Jansen and Peter Schmid
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. One of the challenges facing the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is efficiently directing limited resources, such as specially trained personnel, community outreach activities, and satellite vaccinator tra...

    Authors: Alexander M Upfill-Brown, Hil M Lyons, Muhammad A Pate, Faisal Shuaib, Shahzad Baig, Hao Hu, Philip A Eckhoff and Guillaume Chabot-Couture
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Providing additional Saturday rehabilitation can improve functional independence and health related quality of life at discharge and it may reduce patient length of stay, yet the economic implications are not ...

    Authors: Natasha Kareem Brusco, Jennifer J Watts, Nora Shields and Nicholas F Taylor
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Appropriate public health responses to infectious disease threats should be based on best-available evidence, which requires timely reliable data for appropriate analysis. During the early stages of epidemics,...

    Authors: Eric HY Lau, Jiandong Zheng, Tim K Tsang, Qiaohong Liao, Bryan Lewis, John S Brownstein, Sharon Sanders, Jessica Y Wong, Sumiko R Mekaru, Caitlin Rivers, Peng Wu, Hui Jiang, Yu Li, Jianxing Yu, Qian Zhang, Zhaorui Chang…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene lead to the disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Although patients with CF often have disturbances in glucose metabolism including impaire...

    Authors: Anna Edlund, Jonathan LS Esguerra, Anna Wendt, Malin Flodström-Tullberg and Lena Eliasson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Wheat, once thought to be a critical ingredient in a healthy diet, has become a major threat, according to public opinion. The term non-celiac gluten sensitivity has been widely adopted to describe a clinical ...

    Authors: Knut E A Lundin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:86
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  12. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is still an undefined syndrome with several unsettled issues despite the increasing awareness of its existence. We carried out a prospective survey on NCGS in Italian cente...

    Authors: Umberto Volta, Maria Teresa Bardella, Antonino Calabrò, Riccardo Troncone and Gino Roberto Corazza
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Advances in lifesaving technologies and treatments make it possible for children with profound physical and cognitive impairments to survive into adulthood. Questions regarding how and where they should live a...

    Authors: Barbara E Gibson, Gillian King, Shauna Kingsnorth and Patricia McKeever
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:83
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  15. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounts for nearly 10 % of patients who require renal replacement therapy. Elevated circulating levels of soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) have been identif...

    Authors: Howard Trachtman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:82
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  16. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Recent studies have proposed that plasma soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) might be a causative circulating factor but th...

    Authors: Jing Huang, Gang Liu, Yi-miao Zhang, Zhao Cui, Fang Wang, Xiao-jing Liu, Rong Chu and Ming-hui Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Rapid risk stratification is a core task in emergency medicine. Identifying patients at high and low risk shortly after admission could help clinical decision-making regarding treatment, level of observation, ...

    Authors: Kasper Iversen, Jens P Gøtze, Morten Dalsgaard, Henrik Nielsen, Søren Boesgaard, Morten Bay, Vibeke Kirk, Olav W Nielsen and Lars Køber
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. It is unknown whether individuals at high cardiovascular risk sustain a benefit in cardiovascular disease from increased olive oil consumption. The aim was to assess the association between total olive oil int...

    Authors: Marta Guasch-Ferré, Frank B Hu, Miguel A Martínez-González, Montserrat Fitó, Mònica Bulló, Ramon Estruch, Emilio Ros, Dolores Corella, Javier Recondo, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Miquel Fiol, José Lapetra, Lluís Serra-Majem, Miguel A Muñoz, Xavier Pintó, Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Polyphenols may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipid...

    Authors: Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Eric B Rimm, Alexander Medina-Remón, Miguel A Martínez-González, M Carmen López-Sabater, María I Covas, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, José Lapetra, Fernando Arós, Miquel Fiol, Emili Ros, Lluis Serra-Majem, Xavier Pintó, Miguel A Muñoz…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of all-site cancer that may be mediated through activation of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase (HMGCR) pat...

    Authors: Alice PS Kong, Xilin Yang, Wing-Yee So, Andrea Luk, Ronald CW Ma, Risa Ozaki, Kitty KT Cheung, Heung-Man Lee, Linda Yu, Gang Xu, Chun-Chung Chow and Juliana CN Chan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Depression is a major public health problem among working-age adults. The workplace is potentially an important location for interventions aimed at preventing the development of depression, but to date, the me...

    Authors: Leona Tan, Min-Jung Wang, Matthew Modini, Sadhbh Joyce, Arnstein Mykletun, Helen Christensen and Samuel B Harvey
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2014 12:212

  24. Traditional diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) suggested that the presence or absence of stress prior to onset results in either ‘reactive’ or ‘endogenous’ subtypes of the disorder, respectively. Sev...

    Authors: Karim Malki, Robert Keers, Maria Grazia Tosto, Anbarasu Lourdusamy, Lucia Carboni, Enrico Domenici, Rudolf Uher, Peter McGuffin and Leonard C Schalkwyk
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Epidemiological and biomedical evidence link adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with health-harming behaviors and the development of non-communicable disease in adults. Investment in interventions to improve...

    Authors: Mark A Bellis, Karen Hughes, Nicola Leckenby, Clare Perkins and Helen Lowey
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The capacity of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) to provide effective symptom relief in pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis is often questioned, despite evidence of clinical efficacy from meta-an...

    Authors: Philippe Devillier, Jean-François Dreyfus, Pascal Demoly and Moisés A Calderón
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Systematic reporting of funding sources is recommended in the CONSORT Statement for abstracts. However, no specific recommendation is related to the reporting of conflicts of interest (CoI). The objective was ...

    Authors: Céline Buffel du Vaure, Isabelle Boutron, Elodie Perrodeau and Philippe Ravaud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Severe anemia (SA, hemoglobin <6 g/dl) is a leading cause of pediatric hospital admission in Africa, with significant in-hospital mortality. The underlying etiology is often infectious, but specific pathogens ...

    Authors: Peter Olupot-Olupot, Charles Engoru, Jennifer Thompson, Julius Nteziyaremye, Martin Chebet, Tonny Ssenyondo, Cornelius M Dambisya, Vicent Okuuny, Ronald Wokulira, Denis Amorut, Paul Ongodia, Ayub Mpoya, Thomas N Williams, Sophie Uyoga, Alex Macharia, Diana M Gibb…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Limited information is available about predictors of short-term outcomes in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD) attending an emergency department (ED). Such information ...

    Authors: José M Quintana, Cristóbal Esteban, Anette Unzurrunzaga, Susana Garcia-Gutierrez, Nerea Gonzalez, Irantzu Barrio, Inmaculada Arostegui, Iratxe Lafuente, Marisa Bare, Nerea Fernandez-de-Larrea and Silvia Vidal
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is common in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it is associated with high early mortality. In the absence of newborn screening, most deaths among children with SCD go unre...

    Authors: Carolyne Ndila, Evasius Bauni, Vysaul Nyirongo, George Mochamah, Alex Makazi, Patrick Kosgei, Gideon Nyutu, Alex Macharia, Sailoki Kapesa, Peter Byass and Thomas N Williams
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Quantification of disease burden by deaths or years lived with disability is a useful indicator as it informs prevention by accounting for health loss but it does not reflect the needs for health services. An ...

    Authors: Andrew G Renehan and Iain E Buchan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:64
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  34. Delirium is a common complication in patients with hip fractures and is associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a pre- and postoperative or...

    Authors: Leiv Otto Watne, Anne Cathrine Torbergsen, Simon Conroy, Knut Engedal, Frede Frihagen, Geir Aasmund Hjorthaug, Vibeke Juliebo, Johan Raeder, Ingvild Saltvedt, Eva Skovlund and Torgeir Bruun Wyller
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are two severe types of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major contributor to the global burden of disease. The preventive framework currently includes promotion of both adequa...

    Authors: Simon Timpka, Ingemar F Petersson, Caddie Zhou and Martin Englund
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. It is unclear whether an ‘obesity survival paradox’ exists for pneumonia. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the associations between increased body mass index (BMI), pneumonia risk, and mortali...

    Authors: Wei Nie, Yi Zhang, Sun Ha Jee, Keum Ji Jung, Bing Li and Qingyu Xiu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Retirement from work involves significant lifestyle changes and may represent an opportunity to promote healthier eating patterns in later life. However, the effectiveness of dietary interventions during this ...

    Authors: Jose Lara, Nicola Hobbs, Paula J Moynihan, Thomas D Meyer, Ashley J Adamson, Linda Errington, Lynn Rochester, Falko F Sniehotta, Martin White and John C Mathers
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The objective of this study was to: (1) systematically review the reporting and methods used in the development of clinical prediction models for recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) after ischemic s...

    Authors: Douglas D Thompson, Gordon D Murray, Martin Dennis, Cathie LM Sudlow and William N Whiteley
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The short- and medium-term effects of conflict on population health are reasonably well documented. Less considered are its consequences across generations and potential harms to the health of children yet to ...

    Authors: Delan Devakumar, Marion Birch, David Osrin, Egbert Sondorp and Jonathan CK Wells
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:57
    Content type: Opinion Published on:

  41. Armed conflicts are associated with a wide range of impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents. We evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based intervention aimed at reducing symptoms of posttra...

    Authors: Wietse A Tol, Ivan H Komproe, Mark JD Jordans, Aline Ndayisaba, Prudence Ntamutumba, Heather Sipsma, Eva S Smallegange, Robert D Macy and Joop TVM de Jong
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. It has been postulated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use leads to decreased prostate cancer (PCa) risk. In recent years, NSAIDs’ role in PCa development has been extensively studied; howe...

    Authors: Yanqiong Liu, Jun-Qiang Chen, Li Xie, Jian Wang, Taijie Li, Yu He, Yong Gao, Xue Qin and Shan Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Cancer patients are at risk of thromboembolism. However, studies investigating the relationship between ovarian cancer and ischemic stroke are lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess the associati...

    Authors: Ai-Seon Kuan, Chung-Jen Teng, Hua-Hsi Wu, Vincent Yi-Fong Su, Yung-Tai Chen, Sheng-Hsuan Chien, Chiu-Mei Yeh, Li-Yu Hu, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Cheng-Hwai Tzeng and Chia-Jen Liu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. It is thought that a dependent relationship between patients and physicians who enroll their own patients in research compromises voluntary informed consent. Therefore, several ethical guidelines for human sub...

    Authors: Sara AS Dekking, Rieke van der Graaf and Johannes JM van Delden
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:52
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  46. Efficacy of statins has been extensively studied, with much less information reported on their unintended effects. Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on unintended effects is often insufficient ...

    Authors: Ana Filipa Macedo, Fiona Claire Taylor, Juan P Casas, Alma Adler, David Prieto-Merino and Shah Ebrahim
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors leads to about a 50% reduction in the first cardiovascular event. TNF-inhibitor...

    Authors: Nemanja Damjanov, Michael T Nurmohamed and Zoltán Szekanecz
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:48
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  50. Immunologic research into pathogenic mechanisms operating in autoimmune-mediated atherosclerosis initially focused on adaptive immunity. Current interest is directed to more basic inflammatory mechanisms. Chro...

    Authors: Eiji Matsuura, Fabiola Atzeni, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Maurizio Turiel, Luis R Lopez and Michael T Nurmohamed
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2014 12:47
    Content type: Commentary Published on:
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