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  2. Increasing pressures on emergency departments (ED) are straining services and creating inefficiencies in service delivery worldwide. A potentially avoidable pressure is inappropriate attendances (IA); typicall...

    Authors: Philip McHale, Sara Wood, Karen Hughes, Mark A Bellis, Ulf Demnitz and Sacha Wyke
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Neurological events associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Choosing an appropriate endpoint to determine neuroprotection device efficacy is a...

    Authors: Stephanie M Meller, Andreas Baumbach, Szilard Voros, Michael Mullen and Alexandra J Lansky
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:257
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  4. Hypoxia in utero can lead to stillbirth and severe perinatal injury. While current prenatal tests can identify fetuses that are hypoxic, none can determine the severity of hypoxia/acidemia. We hypothesized a hypo...

    Authors: Clare Whitehead, Wan Tinn Teh, Susan P Walker, Cheryl Leung, Sonali Mendis, Luke Larmour and Stephen Tong
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Over the last 100 years, several persistent misconceptions or ‘false beliefs’ have built up around allergen immunotherapy and its use in allergic rhinitis. This is perhaps because enthusiastic physicians admin...

    Authors: Moisés A Calderón, A William Frankland and Pascal Demoly
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:255
    Content type: Opinion Published on:

  6. In 2010 more than 7.7 million children died before their fifth birthday. Over 98% of these deaths occurred in developing countries, and recent estimates have attributed hundreds of thousands of these deaths to...

    Authors: Thomas J Roberts, Emily Carnahan and Emmanuela Gakidou
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains a huge challenge to public health in resource-limited settings. Reducing the nearly 0.5 million deaths that result each year has been identified as a key p...

    Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Graeme Meintjes, Helen McIlleron, Anthony D Harries and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:253
    Content type: Review Published on:

  10. Cardiovascular disease and mental health both hold enormous public health importance, both ranking highly in results of the recent Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010). For the first time, the GBD 20...

    Authors: Fiona J Charlson, Andrew E Moran, Greg Freedman, Rosana E Norman, Nicolas JC Stapelberg, Amanda J Baxter, Theo Vos and Harvey A Whiteford
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are recognized psychological vulnerabilities in police interviews and court proceedings in England and Wales. The aims of this...

    Authors: Susan Young, Emily J Goodwin, Ottilie Sedgwick and Gisli H Gudjonsson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one of the commonest causes of hospital admission in Europe, Australasia, and North America. These adverse events have a large effect on the he...

    Authors: Eui-Sik Suh, Swapna Mandal and Nicholas Hart
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:247
    Content type: Review Published on:

  15. Medical student selection is an important but difficult task. Three recent papers by McManus et al. in BMC Medicine have re-examined the role of tests of attainment of learning (A’ levels, GCSEs, SQA) and of apti...

    Authors: Sam Leinster
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:245
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  16. Most UK medical schools use aptitude tests during student selection, but large-scale studies of predictive validity are rare. This study assesses the United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT), and its four...

    Authors: I C McManus, Chris Dewberry, Sandra Nicholson and Jonathan S Dowell
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Measures used for medical student selection should predict future performance during training. A problem for any selection study is that predictor-outcome correlations are known only in those who have been sel...

    Authors: IC McManus, Chris Dewberry, Sandra Nicholson, Jonathan S Dowell, Katherine Woolf and Henry WW Potts
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Selection of medical students in the UK is still largely based on prior academic achievement, although doubts have been expressed as to whether performance in earlier life is predictive of outcomes later in me...

    Authors: IC McManus, Katherine Woolf, Jane Dacre, Elisabeth Paice and Chris Dewberry
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Psychosocial problems in children have adverse effects on the children, their families, and society, thus early intervention is important. Community pediatric services offer an ideal setting to detect problem ...

    Authors: Willem Spijkers, Daniëlle EMC Jansen and Sijmen A Reijneveld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Non-cardiovascular chest pain (NCCP) has a high healthcare cost, but insufficient guidelines exist for its diagnostic investigation. The objective of the present work was to identify important diagnostic indic...

    Authors: Maria M Wertli, Katrin B Ruchti, Johann Steurer and Ulrike Held
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Off-label and unlicensed (OLUL) prescribing has been prevalent in pediatric practice. Using data from a prospective cohort study of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among pediatric inpatients, we aimed to test th...

    Authors: Jennifer R Bellis, Jamie J Kirkham, Signe Thiesen, Elizabeth J Conroy, Louise E Bracken, Helena L Mannix, Kim A Bird, Jennifer C Duncan, Matthew Peak, Mark A Turner, Rosalind L Smyth, Anthony J Nunn and Munir Pirmohamed
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of harm in children. Current data are incomplete due to methodological differences between studies: only half of all studies provide drug data, incidence ra...

    Authors: Signe Thiesen, Elizabeth J Conroy, Jennifer R Bellis, Louise E Bracken, Helena L Mannix, Kim A Bird, Jennifer C Duncan, Lynne Cresswell, Jamie J Kirkham, Matthew Peak, Paula R Williamson, Anthony J Nunn, Mark A Turner, Munir Pirmohamed and Rosalind L Smyth
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related vascular disorder which is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify novel serological protein markers to diagnose PE with a multi-’o...

    Authors: Linda Y Liu, Ting Yang, Jun Ji, Qiaojun Wen, Alexander A Morgan, Bo Jin, Gongxing Chen, Deirdre J Lyell, David K Stevenson, Xuefeng B Ling and Atul J Butte
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The recent discovery of a new myokine (irisin) potentially involved in health-related training effects has gained great attention, but evidence for a training-induced increase in irisin remains preliminary. Th...

    Authors: Anne Hecksteden, Melissa Wegmann, Anke Steffen, Jochen Kraushaar, Arne Morsch, Sandra Ruppenthal, Lars Kaestner and Tim Meyer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Reducing mortality from HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) requires diagnostic tools that are rapid and have high sensitivity among patients with poor prognosis. We determined the relationship between disease se...

    Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Andrew D Kerkhoff, Monica Vogt and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Antidepressants are often considered to be mere placebos despite the fact that meta-analyses are able to rank them. It follows that it should also be possible to rank different placebos, which are all made of ...

    Authors: Florian Naudet, Bruno Millet, Philippe Charlier, Jean Michel Reymann, Anne Solène Maria and Bruno Falissard
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Ancestral environmental exposures to a variety of environmental factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease. The present work examined t...

    Authors: Michael K Skinner, Mohan Manikkam, Rebecca Tracey, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, Muksitul Haque and Eric E Nilsson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Australia was one of the first countries to introduce a publicly funded national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program that commenced in April 2007, using the quadrivalent HPV vaccine targeting 12- to...

    Authors: Dorota M Gertig, Julia ML Brotherton, Alison C Budd, Kelly Drennan, Genevieve Chappell and A Marion Saville
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. High-throughput ‘omics’ technologies that generate molecular profiles for biospecimens have been extensively used in preclinical studies to reveal molecular subtypes and elucidate the biological mechanisms of ...

    Authors: Lisa M McShane, Margaret M Cavenagh, Tracy G Lively, David A Eberhard, William L Bigbee, P Mickey Williams, Jill P Mesirov, Mei-Yin C Polley, Kelly Y Kim, James V Tricoli, Jeremy MG Taylor, Deborah J Shuman, Richard M Simon, James H Doroshow and Barbara A Conley
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:220
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  37. The Millennium Development Goals have galvanized efforts to improve child survival (MDG-4) and maternal health (MDG-5). There has been important progress on both MDGs at global level, although it now appears t...

    Authors: Jennifer Bryce, Robert E Black and Cesar G Victora
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:225
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  38. The most severe HIV epidemics worldwide occur in Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland. Here we focus on the Lesotho epidemic, which has received little attention. We determined the within-country heterogeneity in t...

    Authors: Brian J Coburn, Justin T Okano and Sally Blower
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Global health is a varied field that comprises research, evaluation and policy that, by its definition, also occurs in disparate locations across the world. This forum article is introduced by our guest editor...

    Authors: Gretchen L Birbeck, Charles S Wiysonge, Edward J Mills, Julio J Frenk, Xiao-Nong Zhou and Prabhat Jha
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:223
    Content type: Forum Published on:

  40. Herbal products available to consumers in the marketplace may be contaminated or substituted with alternative plant species and fillers that are not listed on the labels. According to the World Health Organiza...

    Authors: Steven G Newmaster, Meghan Grguric, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Sathishkumar Ramalingam and Subramanyam Ragupathy
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The role of the venous system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory neurological/neurodegenerative diseases remains largely unknown and underinvestigated. Aside from cerebral venous infarcts, thromboembolic even...

    Authors: Jonathan S Alexander, Leonard Prouty, Ikuo Tsunoda, Chaitanya Vijay Ganta and Alireza Minagar
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:219
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. The incidence of cancer increases with advanced age. And as the world populationages, clinicians will be faced with a growing number of older patients withcancer. The challenge that clinicians face involves ca...

    Authors: Maxine de la Cruz and Eduardo Bruera
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:218
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  43. The development of cardiovascular dysfunction and shock in patients with invasive Bacillus anthracis infection has a particularly poor prognosis. Growing evidence indicates that several bacterial components likel...

    Authors: Kenneth E Remy, Ping Qiu, Yan Li, Xizhong Cui and Peter Q Eichacker
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:217
    Content type: Minireview Published on:

  44. A beneficial effect of a high n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake has been observed in heart failure patients, who are frequently insulin resistant. We investigated the potential influenc...

    Authors: Elin Strand, Eva R Pedersen, Gard FT Svingen, Hall Schartum-Hansen, Eirik W Rebnord, Bodil Bjørndal, Reinhard Seifert, Pavol Bohov, Klaus Meyer, J Kalervo Hiltunen, Jan E Nordrehaug, Dennis WT Nilsen, Rolf K Berge and Ottar Nygård
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Fetal and neonatal mortality rates in low-income countries are at least 10-fold greater than in high-income countries. These differences have been related to poor access to and poor quality of obstetric and ne...

    Authors: Omrana Pasha, Elizabeth M McClure, Linda L Wright, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Elwyn Chomba, Archana Patel, Fabian Esamai, Ana Garces, Fernando Althabe, Bhala Kodkany, Hillary Mabeya, Albert Manasyan, Waldemar A Carlo, Richard J Derman, Patricia L Hibberd…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. On 31 March 2013, the first human infections with the novel influenza A/H7N9 virus were reported in Eastern China. The outbreak expanded rapidly in geographic scope and size, with a total of 132 laboratory-con...

    Authors: Gerardo Chowell, Lone Simonsen, Sherry Towers, Mark A Miller and Cécile Viboud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. There are widespread concerns about communication and support for patients and families, especially when they face clinical uncertainty, a situation most marked in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, we ai...

    Authors: Irene J Higginson, Jonathan Koffman, Philip Hopkins, Wendy Prentice, Rachel Burman, Sara Leonard, Caroline Rumble, Jo Noble, Odette Dampier, William Bernal, Sue Hall, Myfanwy Morgan and Cathy Shipman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Hypnotics are widely used by the elderly, and their impact on mortality remains controversial. The inconsistent findings could be due to methodological limitations, notably the lack of control for underlying s...

    Authors: Isabelle Jaussent, Marie-Laure Ancelin, Claudine Berr, Karine Pérès, Jacqueline Scali, Alain Besset, Karen Ritchie and Yves Dauvilliers
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Hypertension is one of the most important and common cardiovascular risk factors. Defining the level at which blood pressure starts causing end-organ damage is challenging, and is not easily answered. The thre...

    Authors: Pascal Meier, Franz H Messerli, Andreas Baumbach and Alexandra J Lansky
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:211
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  50. This study was conducted to assess whether patient-reported outcomes (PROs) differ by the underlying diagnosis (rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA), avascular necrosis of bone...

    Authors: Jasvinder A Singh and David G Lewallen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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