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  1. Long-term biodistribution of nanomaterials used in medicine is largely unknown. This is the case for alum, the most widely used vaccine adjuvant, which is a nanocrystalline compound spontaneously forming micro...

    Authors: Zakir Khan, Christophe Combadière, François-Jérôme Authier, Valérie Itier, François Lux, Christopher Exley, Meriem Mahrouf-Yorgov, Xavier Decrouy, Philippe Moretto, Olivier Tillement, Romain K Gherardi and Josette Cadusseau
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:99
  2. This study was devised to assess the performance of anti-ribosomal P (anti-Rib-P) antibodies in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the association of these antibodies with the clinical fea...

    Authors: Diana Carmona-Fernandes, Maria José Santos, Helena Canhão and João Eurico Fonseca
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:98
  3. Advancements in phosphodiesterase (PDE)-targeted therapies have shown promise in recent years for treating patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the development of PDE4 inhibit...

    Authors: Neal Kumar, Ari M Goldminz, Noori Kim and Alice B Gottlieb
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:96
  4. Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that share certain clinical presentations and a disturbed immunoregulation, leading to autoantibody production. Subclinical or overt ren...

    Authors: Andreas Kronbichler and Gert Mayer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:95
  5. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic progressive autoimmune disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis requiring a predisposing genetic background and involving immune cell activation and autoantibody pr...

    Authors: Angela Tincani, Laura Andreoli, Ilaria Cavazzana, Andrea Doria, Marta Favero, Maria-Giulia Fenini, Franco Franceschini, Andrea Lojacono, Giuseppe Nascimbeni, Amerigo Santoro, Francesco Semeraro, Paola Toniati and Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:93
  6. We investigated interactions between genetically and autoimmune-mediated coagulopathies by inducing experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (eAPS) in mice carrying the factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation.

    Authors: Aviva Katzav, Nikolaos C Grigoriadis, Tania Ebert, Olga Touloumi, Miri Blank, Chaim G Pick, Yehuda Shoenfeld and Joab Chapman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:92
  7. The 16/6-idiotype (16/6-Id) of the human anti-DNA antibody was found to induce experimental lupus in naïve mice, manifested by production of autoantibodies, leukopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, as wel...

    Authors: Shaye Kivity, Aviva Katzav, Maria Teresa Arango, Moran Landau-Rabi, Yaron Zafrir, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Miri Blank, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Edna Mozes, Joab Chapman and Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:90
  8. Celiac disease is a life-long autoimmune condition, affecting genetically susceptible individuals that may present with thromboembolic phenomena. This thrombophilia represents a puzzle with multiple constituen...

    Authors: Aaron Lerner, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Yinon Shapira, Boris Gilburd, Sandra Reuter, Idit Lavi and Yehuda Shoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:89
  9. Biologic therapies for rheumatologic diseases, which are targeted at molecules involved in the mechanisms of the immune system, provide an alternative to the existing treatment methods of disease-modifying ant...

    Authors: Ziv Rosman, Yehuda Shoenfeld and Gisele Zandman-Goddard
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:88
  10. A high body mass index (BMI) is associated with an increased risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD); however, a low BMI may also be associated with an increased mortality risk. There is limited in...

    Authors: Dexter Canoy, Benjamin J Cairns, Angela Balkwill, F Lucy Wright, Jane Green, Gillian Reeves and Valerie Beral
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:87
  11. Calcium deficiency is a global public-health problem. Although the initial stage of calcium deficiency can lead to metabolic alterations or potential pathological changes, calcium deficiency is difficult to di...

    Authors: Maoqing Wang, Xue Yang, Fan Wang, Ran Li, Hua Ning, Lixin Na, Yifan Huang, Yue Song, Liyan Liu, Hongzhi Pan, Qiuju Zhang, Lijun Fan, Ying Li and Changhao Sun
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:86
  12. Despite over 40 years of research, there is no specific lung-directed therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although much has evolved in our understanding of its pathogenesis and factors ...

    Authors: Eddy Fan, Jesus Villar and Arthur S Slutsky
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:85
  13. Multiple-arm randomized trials can be more complex in their design, data analysis, and result reporting than two-arm trials. We conducted a systematic review to assess the reporting of analyses in reports of r...

    Authors: Gabriel Baron, Elodie Perrodeau, Isabelle Boutron and Philippe Ravaud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:84
  14. Diuretics are among the most commonly prescribed medications and, due to their mechanisms of action, electrolyte disorders are common side effects of their use. In the present work we investigated the associat...

    Authors: Spyridon Arampatzis, Georg-Christian Funk, Alexander Benedikt Leichtle, Georg-Martin Fiedler, Christoph Schwarz, Heinz Zimmermann, Aristomenis Konstantinos Exadaktylos and Gregor Lindner
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:83
  15. Currently available therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) do not treat the underlying cause of AD. Anecdotal observations in nursing homes from multiple studies strongly suggest an inverse relationship betwee...

    Authors: Crystal D Hayes, Debleena Dey, Juan Pablo Palavicini, Hongjie Wang, Kshitij A Patkar, Dimitriy Minond, Adel Nefzi and Madepalli K Lakshmana
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:81
  16. Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user friendly manner. The C...

    Authors: Don Husereau, Michael Drummond, Stavros Petrou, Chris Carswell, David Moher, Dan Greenberg, Federico Augustovski, Andrew H Briggs, Josephine Mauskopf and Elizabeth Loder
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:80
  17. Clinical psychiatry has always been limited by the lack of objective tests to substantiate diagnoses and a lack of specific treatments that target underlying pathophysiology. One area in which these twin failu...

    Authors: Ian B Hickie, Sharon L Naismith, Rébecca Robillard, Elizabeth M Scott and Daniel F Hermens
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:79
  18. The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases is strongly based on the histological characterization of muscle biopsies. However, this morphological analysis is mostly a subjective process and difficult to quantify....

    Authors: Aurora Sáez, Eloy Rivas, Adoración Montero-Sánchez, Carmen Paradas, Begoña Acha, Alberto Pascual, Carmen Serrano and Luis M Escudero
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:77
  19. Dyskinesia, a major complication in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), can require prolonged monitoring and complex medical management.

    Authors: Jean-François Daneault, Benoit Carignan, Abbas F Sadikot, Michel Panisset and Christian Duval
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:76
  20. Retirement represents a major transitional life stage in middle to older age. Changes in physical activity typically accompany this transition, which has significant consequences for health and well-being. The...

    Authors: Nicola Hobbs, Alan Godfrey, Jose Lara, Linda Errington, Thomas D Meyer, Lynn Rochester, Martin White, John C Mathers and Falko F Sniehotta
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:75
  21. There is compelling evidence to support an aetiological role for inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of major neuropsychiatric disorders,...

    Authors: Michael Berk, Olivia Dean, Hemmo Drexhage, John J McNeil, Steven Moylan, Adrienne O'Neil, Christopher G Davey, Livia Sanna and Michael Maes
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:74
  22. Early rapid fluid resuscitation (boluses) in African children with severe febrileillnesses increases the 48-hour mortality by 3.3% compared with controls (nobolus). We explored the effect of boluses on 48-hour...

    Authors: Kathryn Maitland, Elizabeth C George, Jennifer A Evans, Sarah Kiguli, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Samuel O Akech, Robert O Opoka, Charles Engoru, Richard Nyeko, George Mtove, Hugh Reyburn, Bernadette Brent, Julius Nteziyaremye, Ayub Mpoya, Natalie Prevatt, Cornelius M Dambisya…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:68
  23. The implementation of strategic immunization plans whose development is informed by available locally-relevant research evidence should improve immunization coverage and prevent disease, disability and death i...

    Authors: Charles S Wiysonge, Olalekan A Uthman, Peter M Ndumbe and Gregory D Hussey
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:66
  24. Frailty is a well known and accepted term to clinicians working with older people. The study aim was to determine whether an intervention could reduce frailty and improve mobility.

    Authors: Ian D Cameron, Nicola Fairhall, Colleen Langron, Keri Lockwood, Noeline Monaghan, Christina Aggar, Catherine Sherrington, Stephen R Lord and Susan E Kurrle
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:65
  25. It is of importance whether myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a variant of sickness behavior. The latter is induced by acute infections/injury being principally mediated through pr...

    Authors: Gerwyn Morris, George Anderson, Piotr Galecki, Michael Berk and Michael Maes
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:64
  26. Recently, some US cohorts have shown a moderate association between red and processed meat consumption and mortality supporting the results of previous studies among vegetarians. The aim of this study was to e...

    Authors: Sabine Rohrmann, Kim Overvad, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Marianne U Jakobsen, Rikke Egeberg, Anne Tjønneland, Laura Nailler, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Vittorio Krogh, Domenico Palli, Salvatore Panico, Rosario Tumino, Fulvio Ricceri, Manuela M Bergmann, Heiner Boeing…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:63
  27. Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core clinical skill that needs to be acquired during undergraduate medical education. Intensive teaching is generally assumed to produce more favorable learning outc...

    Authors: Tobias Raupach, Jamie Brown, Sven Anders, Gerd Hasenfuss and Sigrid Harendza
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:61
  28. Metabolomics helps to identify links between environmental exposures and intermediate biomarkers of disturbed pathways. We previously reported variations in phosphatidylcholines in male smokers compared with n...

    Authors: Tao Xu, Christina Holzapfel, Xiao Dong, Erik Bader, Zhonghao Yu, Cornelia Prehn, Katrin Perstorfer, Marta Jaremek, Werner Roemisch-Margl, Wolfgang Rathmann, Yixue Li, H -Erich Wichmann, Henri Wallaschofski, Karl H Ladwig, Fabian Theis, Karsten Suhre…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:60
  29. Prognosis of KRAS wild-type and mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) patients (pts) treated with bevacizumab (BEV)-containing chemotherapy is not significantly different. Since specific KRAS mutations confe...

    Authors: Gemma Bruera, Katia Cannita, Daniela Di Giacomo, Aude Lamy, Thierry Frébourg, Jean Christophe Sabourin, Mario Tosi, Edoardo Alesse, Corrado Ficorella and Enrico Ricevuto
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:59
  30. Drugs are two-sided swords and statins are no exception. Schooling et al. demonstrate that, on average, statins produce small, but statistically significant, decreases in testosterone. They appropriately emphasiz...

    Authors: Allan D Sniderman and George Thanassoulis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:58
  31. Statins are extensively used for cardiovascular disease prevention. Statins reduce mortality rates more than other lipid-modulating drugs, although evidence from randomized controlled trials also suggests that...

    Authors: C Mary Schooling, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Guy Freeman and Benjamin J Cowling
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:57
  32. Graph theory has been recently introduced to characterize complex brain networks, making it highly suitable to investigate altered connectivity in neurologic disorders. A current model proposes autism spectrum...

    Authors: Jurriaan M Peters, Maxime Taquet, Clemente Vega, Shafali S Jeste, Iván Sánchez Fernández, Jacqueline Tan, Charles A Nelson III, Mustafa Sahin and Simon K Warfield
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:54
  33. Fascin-1 is an actin-bundling protein expressed in many human carcinomas, although absent from most normal epithelia. Fascin-1 promotes filopodia formation, migration and invasion in carcinoma cells; in mouse ...

    Authors: Vanessa Y Tan, Sarah J Lewis, Josephine C Adams and Richard M Martin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:52
  34. The majority of patients presenting with mild head trauma will have no intracranial pathology and can be safely discharged home. It is estimated that 10% to 15% of these patients will have clinically significa...

    Authors: Carolyn M Benson and G Bryan Young
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:51
  35. The management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries is still controversial. In 2000, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee (SNC) presented evidence-based guidelines for initial management of these inju...

    Authors: Johan Undén, Tor Ingebrigtsen and Bertil Romner
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:50