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  1. Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability before introducing a program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, ...

    Authors: Mark Jit, Carol Levin, Marc Brisson, Ann Levin, Stephen Resch, Johannes Berkhof, Jane Kim and Raymond Hutubessy
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:23
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  3. There is growing interest in realist synthesis as an alternative systematic review method. This approach offers the potential to expand the knowledge base in policy-relevant areas -for example, by explaining t...

    Authors: Geoff Wong, Trish Greenhalgh, Gill Westhorp, Jeanette Buckingham and Ray Pawson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:21
    Content type: Guideline Published on:

  4. Meta-narrative review is one of an emerging menu of new approaches to qualitative and mixed-method systematic review. A meta-narrative review seeks to illuminate a heterogeneous topic area by highlighting the ...

    Authors: Geoff Wong, Trish Greenhalgh, Gill Westhorp, Jeanette Buckingham and Ray Pawson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:20
    Content type: Guideline Published on:

  5. In a study by Cruse et al. published in BMC Medicine, patients with severe brain damage who were in the Vegetative or Minimally Conscious States (VS or MCS, respectively) from traumatic and nontraumatic etiologie...

    Authors: Mithu Sen and G Bryan Young
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:19
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  6. The Vegetative and Minimally Conscious States (VS; MCS) are characterized by absent or highly disordered signs of awareness alongside preserved sleep-wake cycles. According to international diagnostic guidelin...

    Authors: Damian Cruse, Aurore Thibaut, Athena Demertzi, Julia C Nantes, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Olivia Gosseries, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Tristan A Bekinschtein, Adrian M Owen and Steven Laureys
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medicine 2018 16:134

  7. Methotrexate (MTX) is the central drug in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immune mediated inflammatory diseases. It is widely used either in monotherapy or in association with other synth...

    Authors: Vasco Crispim Romão, Helena Canhão and João Eurico Fonseca
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:17
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Cigarette smoking is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population, and is a well-recognized risk factor for a variety of serious clinical conditions, including cardiova...

    Authors: Nicola Petrosillo and Stefania Cicalini
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:16
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  9. Smoking is common in people infected with HIV but cessation support is not a routine part of clinical care. The aim was to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for pneumonia in people with HIV and whether s...

    Authors: Preeti De, Amanda Farley, Nicola Lindson and Paul Aveyard
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. As a result of increasing life expectancies, continuing physical careers, lifestyles into later life and rising obesity levels, the number of younger patients presenting with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is...

    Authors: Paul M Sutton and Edward S Holloway
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:14
    Content type: Opinion Published on:

  11. Bladder cancer is the commonest malignancy of the urinary tract. In this review, we look at the latest developments in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the most...

    Authors: Grace Cheung, Arun Sahai, Michele Billia, Prokar Dasgupta and Muhammad S Khan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:13
    Content type: Review Published on:

  12. Ineffective risk stratification can delay diagnosis of serious disease in patients with hematuria. We applied a systems biology approach to analyze clinical, demographic and biomarker measurements (n = 29) col...

    Authors: Frank Emmert-Streib, Funso Abogunrin, Ricardo de Matos Simoes, Brian Duggan, Mark W Ruddock, Cherith N Reid, Owen Roddy, Lisa White, Hugh F O'Kane, Declan O'Rourke, Neil H Anderson, Thiagarajan Nambirajan and Kate E Williamson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Diagnosing serious infections in children is challenging, because of the low incidence of such infections and their non-specific presentation early in the course of illness. Prediction rules are promoted as a ...

    Authors: Jan Y Verbakel, Ann Van den Bruel, Matthew Thompson, Richard Stevens, Bert Aertgeerts, Rianne Oostenbrink, Henriette A Moll, Marjolein Y Berger, Monica Lakhanpaul, David Mant and Frank Buntinx
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Significant advances have been made in understanding the genetic basis of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) in recent years. Can these discoveries lead to individualized monitoring and treatment? Besides robust...

    Authors: Shervin Assassi, Timothy RDJ Radstake, Maureen D Mayes and Javier Martin
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:9
    Content type: Minireview Published on:

  17. Risk-stratified treatment recommendations facilitate treatment decision-making that balances patient-specific risks and preferences. It is unclear if and how such recommendations are developed in clinical prac...

    Authors: Tsung Yu, Daniela Vollenweider, Ravi Varadhan, Tianjing Li, Cynthia Boyd and Milo A Puhan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Since 2009, several studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the gene encoding for interleukin (IL)-28 (IL28B) that are strongly associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepati...

    Authors: María A Jiménez-Sousa, Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez, María Guzmán-Fulgencio, Mónica García-Álvarez and Salvador Resino
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Early randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), whereas recent RCTs were negative. We now address the issue, focusing on the temporal changes having occ...

    Authors: Michel de Lorgeril, Patricia Salen, Pascal Defaye and Mikael Rabaeus
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:5
    Content type: Opinion Published on:

  21. Research on the role of diet in the prevention of depression is scarce. Some evidence suggests that depression shares common mechanisms with cardiovascular disease.

    Authors: Almudena Sanchez-Villegas and Miguel A Martínez-González
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:3
    Content type: Opinion Published on:

  23. Mounting evidence has suggested that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a candidate for increased risk of diabetic retinopathy. Studies have reported that insertion/deletion polymorphism in the PAI-1 ge...

    Authors: Tengyue Zhang, Chong Pang, Ningdong Li, Elaine Zhou and Kanxing Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2013 11:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Despite considerable progress in the development of anticancer therapies, there is still a high mortality rate caused by cancer relapse and metastasis. Dormant or slow-cycling residual tumor cells are thought ...

    Authors: Qing Sun, Yong Zhong, Fan Wu, Chunxia Zhou, Dongmei Wang, Wenbo Ma, Youhui Zhang and Shuren Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. During the extremely challenging 4,487 km ultramarathon TransEurope-FootRace 2009, runners showed considerable reduction of body weight. The effects of this endurance run on brain volume changes but also possi...

    Authors: Wolfgang Freund, Sonja Faust, Frank Birklein, Christian Gaser, Arthur P Wunderlich, Marguerite Müller, Christian Billich, Markus S Juchems, Bernd L Schmitz, Georg Grön and Uwe H Schütz
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Cycling is considered to be a highly beneficial sport for significantly enhancing cardiovascular fitness in individuals, yet studies show little or no corresponding improvements in bone mass.

    Authors: Hugo Olmedillas, Alejandro González-Agüero, Luis A Moreno, José A Casajus and Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Musculoskeletal conditions (MSCs) are widely prevalent in present-day society, with resultant high healthcare costs and substantial negative effects on patient health and quality of life. The main aim of this ...

    Authors: Kåre Birger Hagen, Hanne Dagfinrud, Rikke Helene Moe, Nina Østerås, Ingvild Kjeken, Margreth Grotle and Geir Smedslund
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Endurance exercise capacity diminishes under hot environmental conditions. Time to exhaustion can be increased by lowering body temperature prior to exercise (pre-cooling). This systematic literature review sy...

    Authors: Paul R Jones, Christian Barton, Dylan Morrissey, Nicola Maffulli and Stephanie Hemmings
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Mathematical and computational models for infectious diseases are increasingly used to support public-health decisions; however, their reliability is currently under debate. Real-time forecasts of epidemic spr...

    Authors: Michele Tizzoni, Paolo Bajardi, Chiara Poletto, José J Ramasco, Duygu Balcan, Bruno Gonçalves, Nicola Perra, Vittoria Colizza and Alessandro Vespignani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. We developed a Monte Carlo Markov model designed to investigate the effects of modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on the burden of CVD. Internal, predictive, and external validity of the model...

    Authors: Bob JH van Kempen, Bart S Ferket, Albert Hofman, Ewout W Steyerberg, Ersen B Colkesen, S Matthijs Boekholdt, Nicholas J Wareham, Kay-Tee Khaw and MG Myriam Hunink
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. More than a million diagnostic cardiac catheterizations are performed annually in the US for evaluation of coronary artery anatomy and the presence of atherosclerosis. Nearly half of these patients have no sig...

    Authors: William A LaFramboise, Rajiv Dhir, Lori A Kelly, Patricia Petrosko, John M Krill-Burger, Christin M Sciulli, Maureen A Lyons-Weiler, Uma R Chandran, Aleksey Lomakin, Robert V Masterson, Oscar C Marroquin, Suresh R Mulukutla and Dennis M McNamara
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. According to current classification systems, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may have very different combinations of symptoms. This symptomatic diversity hinders the progress of research into the...

    Authors: Hanna M van Loo, Peter de Jonge, Jan-Willem Romeijn, Ronald C Kessler and Robert A Schoevers
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Cholesterol-lowering medications such as statins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may be beneficial for treating depression and improving mood. However, evidence regarding their effects...

    Authors: Adrienne O'Neil, Livia Sanna, Cassie Redlich, Kristy Sanderson, Felice Jacka, Lana J Williams, Julie A Pasco and Michael Berk
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder accompanied with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease; despite being a common condition, th...

    Authors: Yue Zhao, Li Fu, Rong Li, Li-Na Wang, Yan Yang, Na-Na Liu, Chun-Mei Zhang, Ying Wang, Ping Liu, Bin-Bin Tu, Xue Zhang and Jie Qiao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. There is currently a crisis in drug discovery for neuropsychiatric disorders, with a profound, yet unexpected drought in new drug development across the spectrum. In this commentary, the sources of this dilemm...

    Authors: Michael Berk
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:151
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  46. To confirm whether type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an affective disorder (AD) precursor, and to establish possible effects of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (OAAs).

    Authors: Mark L Wahlqvist, Meei-Shyuan Lee, Shao-Yuan Chuang, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Hsin-Ni Tsai, Shu-Han Yu and Hsing-Yi Chang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Studies have shown a correlation between bipolar disorder and diabetes mellitus. It is unclear if this correlation is a part of common pathophysiological pathways, or if medication for bipolar disorder has neg...

    Authors: Gjertrud Svendal, Ole Bernt Fasmer, Anders Engeland, Michael Berk and Anders Lund
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Schizophrenia is associated with excess mortality and multimorbidity, which is possibly associated with difficulty in coordinating care for multiple mental and physical comorbidities. We analyzed the receipt b...

    Authors: Jack Y Tsan, Eileen M Stock, Jazmin M Gonzalez, David S Greenawalt, John E Zeber, Emran Rouf and Laurel A Copeland
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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