The authors thank the tremendous contribution of all members of the ProtecT study research group, and especially the following, who were involved in this research (Prasad Bollina, Sue Bonnington, Lynn Bradshaw, James Catto, Debbie Cooper, Michael Davis, Liz Down, Andrew Doble, Alan Doherty, Garrett Durkan, Emma Elliott, David Gillatt, Pippa Herbert, Peter Holding, Joanne Howson, Mandy Jones, Roger Kockelbergh, Howard Kynaston, Teresa Lennon, Norma Lyons, Hing Leung, Malcolm Mason, Hilary Moody, Philip Powell, Alan Paul, Stephen Prescott, Derek Rosario, Patricia O’Sullivan, Pauline Thompson, Sarah Tidball). We thank Gemma Marsden and Luke Marsden, who processed the blood samples at the biorepository, and Rajeev Kumar, data manager. We also would like to thank the Center National de Génotypage, Evry, France, for genotyping the ProtecT samples. We also thank Stephen Burgess for his help with some of the Mendelian randomization analyses, and Theresa Redaniel for assistance with the survival analysis.
The authors are grateful for the provision of the additional epidemiological data by the NHS R&D Directorate supported Prodigal study and the ProMPT (Prostate Mechanisms of Progression and Treatment) collaboration which is supported by the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) formed by the Department of Health, the Medical Research Council and Cancer Research UK (G0500966/75466).
The Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS), within which the PRACTICAL consortium was assembled, would not have been possible without the contributions of the following: Per Hall (COGS), Douglas F. Easton, Paul Pharoah, Kyriaki Michailidou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Qin Wang (BCAC), Andrew Berchuck (OCAC), Rosalind A. Eeles, Douglas F. Easton, Ali Amin Al Olama, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Sara Benlloch (PRACTICAL), Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Antonis Antoniou, Lesley McGuffog, Fergus Couch, Ken Offit (CIMBA), Joe Dennis, Alison M. Dunning, Andrew Lee, Ed Dicks, Craig Luccarini, and the staff of the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory; Javier Benitez, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, and the staff of the CNIO genotyping unit; Jacques Simard, Daniel C. Tessier, Francois Bacot, Daniel Vincent, Sylvie LaBoissière, Frederic Robidoux, and the staff of the McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre; Stig E. Bojesen, Sune F. Nielsen, Maren Weischer, Børge G. Nordestgaard, and the staff of the Copenhagen DNA laboratory; and Julie M. Cunningham, Sharon A. Windebank, Christopher A. Hilker, Jeffrey Meyer, and the staff of the Mayo Clinic Genotyping Core Facility.
The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis and interpretation or preparation, review, or approval of the article.
Funding
This work was supported by the World Cancer Research Fund (2011/419) and Cancer Research UK (C18281/A19169). The Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) is supported by the MRC and the University of Bristol (G0600705, MC_UU_12013/19), and the Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme is supported by Cancer Research UK programme grant C18281/A19169. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit is funded by the NIHR and is a partnership between University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. The ProtecT study is supported by the UK NIHR Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme (HTA 96/20/99; ISRCTN20141297). Funding for PRACTICAL and the iCOGS infrastructure came from: the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement n° 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A 10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565), the National Institutes of Health (CA128978), and Post-Cancer GWAS initiative (1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065 and 1U19 CA148112 – the GAME-ON initiative), the Department of Defence (W81XWH-10-1-0341), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer, Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund. We acknowledge support from the NIHR to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust.
The PRACTICAL CONSORTIUM (in addition to those named in the author list)
Additional members from the consortium are: Margaret Cook1, Angela Morga2, Artitaya Lophatananon3,4, Cyril Fisher2, Daniel Leongamornlert2, Edward J. Saunders2, Emma J. Sawyer2, Koveela Govindasami2, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz2, Michelle Guy2, Naomi Livni2, Rosemary Wilkinson2, Sara Jugurnauth-Little2, Steve Hazel2, Tokhir Dadaev2, Melissa C. Southey5, Liesel M. Fitzgerald6, John Pedersen7, John Hopper8, Ami Karlsson9, Carin Cavalli-Bjoerkman9, Jan-Erik Johansson9, Jan Adolfson9, Markus Aly9,10, Michael Broms9, Paer Stattin9, Brian E. Henderson11, Fredrick Schumacher11, Anssi Auvinen12, Kimmo Taari13, Liisa Maeaettaenen14, Paula Kujala15, Teemu Murtola16,17, Teuvo LJ Tammela17, Csilla Sipeky18, Martin Andreas Roder19, Peter Iversen19, Peter Klarskov20, Sune F. Nielsen21,22, Maren Weischer21,22, Tim J. Key23, Hans Wallinder24, Sven Gustafsson24, Angela Cox25, Anne George26, Athene Lane27, Gemma Marsden28, Michael Davis27, Paul Brown27, Paul Pharoah29, Lisa B. Signorello30,31, Wei Zheng32, Shannon K. McDonnell33, Daniel J. Schaid33, Liang Wang33, Lori Tillmans33, Shaun Riska33, Thomas Schnoeller34, Kathleen Herkommer35, Manuel Luedeke34, Walther Vogel36, Dominika Wokozorczyk37, Jan Lubiski37, Wojciech Kluzniak37, Katja Butterbach38, Christa Stegmaier39, Bernd Holleczek39, Babu Zachariah40, Hui-Yi Lim41, Hyun Park40, James Haley40, Julio Pow-Sang40, Maria Rincon40, Selina Radlein40, Thomas Sellers40, Chavdar Slavov42, Aleksandrina Vlahova43, Atanaska Mitkova44, Darina Kachakova44, Elenko Popov42, Svetlana Christova43, Tihomir Dikov43, Vanio Mitev44, Allison Eckert45, Angus Collins45, Glenn Wood45, Greg Malone45, Judith A. Clements45,46, Kris Kerr45, Megan Turner45, Pamela Saunders45, Peter Heathcote45, Gail Risbridger45, Wayne Tilley45, Lisa Horvath45, Trina Yeadon45, Srilakshmi Srinivasan46, Leire Moya46, Amanda Spurdle47, Joana Santos48, Carmen Jerónimo48, Paula Paulo48, Pedro Pinto48, Rui Henrique48, Sofia Maia48, Agnieszka Michael49, Andrzej Kierzek49, and Huihai Wu49.
1Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; 2The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; 3Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 4Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; 5Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; 6Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 7Tissupath Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; 8Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 9Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; 10Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; 11Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA, 12Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; 13Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 14Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland; 15Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; 16School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; 17Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland; 18Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland; 19Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Tagensvej 20, 7521, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; 20Department of Urology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; 21Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark; 22Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; 23Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 24Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; 25CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; 26University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Box 279, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; 27School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK; 28Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; 29Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK; 30International Epidemiology Institute, 1555 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; 31Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; 32Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 800, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; 33Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 34Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Germany; 35Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; 36Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Germany; 37International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; 38Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; 39Saarland Cancer Registry, 66119 Saarbruecken, Germany; 40Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA, 41Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; 42Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria; 43Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria; 44Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; 45Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, Brisbane, Australia; 46Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; 47Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia; 48Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal; 49The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.