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  1. Germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK, also termed MAP4K3), a member of the MAP4K family, may regulate gene transcription, apoptosis and immune inflammation in response to extracellular signals. The enhanced...

    Authors: Der-Yuan Chen, Huai-Chia Chuang, Joung-Liang Lan, Yi-Ming Chen, Wei-Ting Hung, Kuo-Lung Lai and Tse-Hua Tan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Social media includes many different forms of technology including online forums, blogs, microblogs (i.e. Twitter), wikipedias, video blogs, social networks and podcasting. The use of social media has grown ex...

    Authors: Farris K Timimi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:83
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  3. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis are immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with similarities in pathophysiology, and all can be treated with similar biological agents....

    Authors: Nienke Lesuis, Ragnar Befrits, Filippa Nyberg and Ronald F van Vollenhoven
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Treatment of large bone defects represents a great challenge in orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial surgery. Although there are several methods for bone reconstruction, they all have specific indications and li...

    Authors: Rozalia Dimitriou, George I Mataliotakis, Giorgio Maria Calori and Peter V Giannoudis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:81
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. The TransEurope FootRace 2009 (TEFR09) was one of the longest transcontinental ultramarathons with an extreme endurance physical load of running nearly 4,500 km in 64 days. The aim of this study was to assess ...

    Authors: Uwe HW Schütz, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, Beat Knechtle, Jürgen Machann, Heike Wiedelbach, Martin Ehrhardt, Wolfgang Freund, Stefan Gröninger, Horst Brunner, Ingo Schulze, Hans-Jürgen Brambs and Christian Billich
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:78
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  9. It is recognised that regular physical activity and a high level of fitness are powerful predictors of positive health outcomes. There is a long and rich history of significant feats of human endurance with so...

    Authors: Andrew Murray and Ricardo JS Costa
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:76
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  10. Lower limb injuries in sport are increasingly prevalent and responsible for large economic as well as personal burdens. In this review we seek to determine which easily implemented functional neuromuscular war...

    Authors: Katherine Herman, Christian Barton, Peter Malliaras and Dylan Morrissey
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. London 2012 is the first Olympic and Paralympic Games to explicitly try and develop socioeconomic legacies for which success indicators are specified - the highest profile of which was to deliver a health lega...

    Authors: Garry A Tew, Robert J Copeland and Simon H Till
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:74
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  13. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) support a functional and balanced immune system, and contribute to immune modulatory effects in combatting microbial pathogens, including viruses. Most cervical cancers are...

    Authors: Min-Kyeong Cha, Do-Kyung Lee, Hyang-Mi An, Si-Won Lee, Seon-Hee Shin, Jeong-Hyun Kwon, Kyung-Jae Kim and Nam-Joo Ha
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Clinical pathways (CPs) are used to improve the outcomes of acute stroke, but their use in stroke care is questionable, because the evidence on their effectiveness is still inconclusive. The objective of this ...

    Authors: Massimiliano Panella, Sara Marchisio, Romeo Brambilla, Kris Vanhaecht and Francesco Di Stanislao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. A season of birth effect in immune-mediated diseases (ID) such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes has been consistently reported. We aimed to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of r...

    Authors: Giulio Disanto, George Chaplin, Julia M Morahan, Gavin Giovannoni, Elina Hyppönen, George C Ebers and Sreeram V Ramagopalan
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Patients experience an increasing treatment burden related to everything they do to take care of their health: visits to the doctor, medical tests, treatment management and lifestyle changes. This treatment bu...

    Authors: Viet-Thi Tran, Victor M Montori, David T Eton, Dan Baruch, Bruno Falissard and Philippe Ravaud
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials constitute the gold standard in clinical research when testing the efficacy of new psychopharmacological interventions in the treatment of major depression. ...

    Authors: Emanuel Severus, Florian Seemüller, Michael Berger, Sandra Dittmann, Michael Obermeier, Andrea Pfennig, Michael Riedel, Sophia Frangou, Hans-Jürgen Möller and Michael Bauer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:67
    Content type: Opinion Published on:

  19. It is of considerable translational importance whether depression is a form or a consequence of sickness behavior. Sickness behavior is a behavioral complex induced by infections and immune trauma and mediated...

    Authors: Michael Maes, Michael Berk, Lisa Goehler, Cai Song, George Anderson, Piotr Gałecki and Brian Leonard
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:66
    Content type: Review Published on:

  20. Residents are vital to the clinical workforce of today and tomorrow. Although in training to become specialists, they also provide much of the daily patient care. Residency training aims to prepare residents t...

    Authors: Renée M van der Leeuw, Kiki MJMH Lombarts, Onyebuchi A Arah and Maas Jan Heineman
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The autism rate has recently increased to 1 in 100 children. Genetic studies demonstrate poorly understood complexity. Environmental factors apparently also play a role. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studie...

    Authors: Frank H Duffy and Heidelise Als
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. A series of primarily laboratory-based studies found attention bias modification in socially anxious participants to lead to reduced anxiety. It is argued that the failure to replicate the positive results of ...

    Authors: Paul MG Emmelkamp
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:63
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  23. The benefit of the coronary collateral circulation (natural bypass network) on survival is well established. However, data derived from smaller studies indicates that coronary collaterals may increase the risk...

    Authors: Pascal Meier, Andreas Indermuehle, Bertram Pitt, Tobias Traupe, Stefano F de Marchi, Tom Crake, Guido Knapp, Alexandra J Lansky and Christian Seiler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The 'exposome' represents the accumulation of all environmental exposures across a lifetime. Top-down strategies are required to assess something this comprehensive, and could transform our understanding of ho...

    Authors: James K Ellis, Toby J Athersuch, Laura DK Thomas, Friederike Teichert, Miriam Pérez-Trujillo, Claus Svendsen, David J Spurgeon, Rajinder Singh, Lars Järup, Jacob G Bundy and Hector C Keun
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Failure rates in postgraduate examinations are often high and many candidates therefore retake examinations on several or even many times. Little, however, is known about how candidates perform across those mu...

    Authors: IC McManus and Katarzyna Ludka
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The term non-specific chest pain (NSCP) is applied to hospitalized patients in order to designate that they neither have an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) nor display evidence of a coronary ischemia. The number...

    Authors: Vidar Ruddox, Mariann Mathisen and Jan Erik Otterstad
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Corticosteroids are standard treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis experiencing acute relapse. Because dyspeptic pain is a common side effect of this intervention, patients can be given a histamine re...

    Authors: Sangita Biswas, Stephen H Benedict, Sharon G Lynch and Steven M LeVine
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:57
    Content type: Review Published on:

  29. Stem cell-based therapy to treat liver diseases is a focus of current research worldwide. So far, most such studies depend on rodent hepatic failure models. The purpose of this study was to isolate mesenchymal...

    Authors: Hongcui Cao, Jinfeng Yang, Jiong Yu, Qiaoling Pan, Jianzhou Li, Pengcheng Zhou, Yanyuan Li, Xiaoping Pan, Jun Li, Yingjie Wang and Lanjuan Li
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Many immigrant populations lack access to primary health care. A recently published study on cholesterol screening among immigrant populations in the US found disparities in cholesterol screening in those orig...

    Authors: Mark Fort Harris
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:55
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  31. Metabolic syndrome (METS) is an increasingly prevalent but poorly understood clinical condition characterized by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Increased oxid...

    Authors: Khosrow S Houschyar, Rainer Lüdtke, Gustav J Dobos, Ulrich Kalus, Martina Broecker-Preuss, Thomas Rampp, Benno Brinkhaus and Andreas Michalsen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) checklist consists of 20 items to report for published tumor marker prognostic studies. It was developed to address widespread deficie...

    Authors: Douglas G Altman, Lisa M McShane, Willi Sauerbrei and Sheila E Taube
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:51
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  36. The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of the genome integrity, meiotic recombination and gametogenesis. This study investigated whether genetic variations in MMR genes ar...

    Authors: Guixiang Ji, Yan Long, Yong Zhou, Cong Huang, Aihua Gu and Xinru Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Overweight and obesity pose a big challenge to pregnancy as they are associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Evidence of lifestyle intervention resulting in improved pregnancy outcome is confli...

    Authors: Eugene Oteng-Ntim, Rajesh Varma, Helen Croker, Lucilla Poston and Pat Doyle
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In July 2011, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued draft guidance concerning the regulation of mobile medical applications (applications on a wireless device that are used as accessories to me...

    Authors: Amy J Barton
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:46
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  40. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common disorder worldwide, comprised of reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). As more than half of GERD patients are classified into th...

    Authors: Nobutake Yamamichi, Satoshi Mochizuki, Itsuko Asada-Hirayama, Rie Mikami-Matsuda, Takeshi Shimamoto, Maki Konno-Shimizu, Yu Takahashi, Chihiro Takeuchi, Keiko Niimi, Satoshi Ono, Shinya Kodashima, Chihiro Minatsuki, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Toru Mitsushima and Kazuhiko Koike
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The pathways downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have often been implicated to play crucial roles in the development and progression of various cancer types. Different authors have propos...

    Authors: Silvia von der Heyde and Tim Beissbarth
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:43
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  45. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) displays some promise in the protection against cardiovascular diseases although its role in diabetes has not been elucidated.

    Authors: Yingmei Zhang, Sara A Babcock, Nan Hu, Jacalyn R Maris, Haichang Wang and Jun Ren
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. There is an important need for the identification of novel serological biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. Current biomarkers suffer from a lack of tissue specificity, rendering them vulnerable to no...

    Authors: Ioannis Prassas, Caitlin C Chrystoja, Shalini Makawita and Eleftherios P Diamandis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:39
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  48. Brüne's proposal that erstwhile 'vulnerability' genes need to be reconsidered as 'plasticity' genes, given the potential for certain environments to yield increased positive function in the same domain as pote...

    Authors: Rachel Wurzman and James Giordano
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2012 10:37
    Content type: Commentary Published on:
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