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  1. There is increasing concern among many in the medical arena about the extent to which the effects of treatment, either good or bad, apply to specific subgroups of individuals. Women comprise one of the most fr...

    Authors: Jesse A Berlin and Susan S Ellenberg
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:56
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  2. In June 2009, BMC Medicine received its first official impact factor of 3.28 from Thomson Reuters. In recognition of this landmark event, the BMC Medicine editorial team present and discuss the vision and aims of...

    Authors: Robin L Cassady-Cain, Joanne M Appleford, Jigisha Patel, Mick Aulakh and Melissa L Norton
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:55
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  3. Bangladesh, India and Nepal are working towards the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by 2015. In 2005 the World Health Organization/Training in Tropical Diseases launched an implementation research p...

    Authors: Anand B Joshi, Murari L Das, Shireen Akhter, Rajib Chowdhury, Dinesh Mondal, Vijay Kumar, Pradeep Das, Axel Kroeger, Marleen Boelaert and Max Petzold
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. A growing body of evidence suggests that psychological stress contributes to coronary artery disease. However, associations between stress and stroke are less clear. In this study, we investigated the possible...

    Authors: Katarina Jood, Petra Redfors, Annika Rosengren, Christian Blomstrand and Christina Jern
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The 1996 Australian National Firearms Agreement introduced strict access limitations. However, reports on the effectiveness of the new legislation are conflicting. This study, accessing all cases of suicide 19...

    Authors: Helen Klieve, Jerneja Sveticic and Diego De Leo
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Currently, treatments for ischemic stroke focus on restoring or improving perfusion to the ischemic area using thrombolytics. The increased hospitalization costs related to thrombolysis are offset by a decreas...

    Authors: Julien Bogousslavsky and Maurizio Paciaroni
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:51
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  7. The UK, USA and the World Health Organization have identified improved patient safety in healthcare as a priority. Medication error has been identified as one of the most frequent forms of medical error and is...

    Authors: Sara Garfield, Nick Barber, Paul Walley, Alan Willson and Lina Eliasson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Schools are the most frequent target for intervention programs aimed at preventing child obesity; however, the overall effectiveness of these programs has been limited. It has therefore been recommended that i...

    Authors: Douglas A Gentile, Greg Welk, Joey C Eisenmann, Rachel A Reimer, David A Walsh, Daniel W Russell, Randi Callahan, Monica Walsh, Sarah Strickland and Katie Fritz
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. African children have some of the highest rates of bacterial meningitis in the world. Bacterial meningitis in Africa is associated with high case fatality and frequent neuropsychological sequelae. The objectiv...

    Authors: Meenakshi Ramakrishnan, Aaron J Ulland, Laura C Steinhardt, Jennifer C Moïsi, Fred Were and Orin S Levine
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. On 11 June the World Health Organization officially raised the phase of pandemic alert (with regard to the new H1N1 influenza strain) to level 6. As of 19 July, 137,232 cases of the H1N1 influenza strain have ...

    Authors: Duygu Balcan, Hao Hu, Bruno Goncalves, Paolo Bajardi, Chiara Poletto, Jose J Ramasco, Daniela Paolotti, Nicola Perra, Michele Tizzoni, Wouter Van den Broeck, Vittoria Colizza and Alessandro Vespignani
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The treatment of patients with haematological malignancies by means of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often accompanied by life threatening infections. With emerging antimicrobial resistanc...

    Authors: Walter JFM van der Velden, Thijs MP van Iersel, Nicole MA Blijlevens and J Peter Donnelly
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. A novel variant of influenza A (H1N1) is causing a pandemic and, although the illness is usually mild, there are concerns that its virulence could change through reassortment with other influenza viruses. This...

    Authors: Maciej F Boni, Bui Huu Manh, Pham Quang Thai, Jeremy Farrar, Tran Tinh Hien, Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Van Kinh and Peter Horby
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The approval of sorafenib and active development of many other molecularly targeted agents in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have presented a challenge to understand the mechanism of action of sorafenib and id...

    Authors: Andrew X Zhu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:42
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  16. Sorafenib is the first agent that has demonstrated an improved overall survival benefit in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), setting a new standard for first-line treatment. However, no one has yet been...

    Authors: Zhe Zhang, Xiaoyun Zhou, Hujia Shen, Dexing Wang and Yanhong Wang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Diabetic nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes, is characterized by progressive renal injury and increased cardiovascular mortality. An increased urinary albumin excretion due dysfunction of the glomer...

    Authors: Rafid Tofik, Ole Torffvit, Bengt Rippe and Omran Bakoush
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Over recent years there has been a substantial body of evidence demonstrating strong associations between transfusion and adverse outcomes, including myocardial, neurological and renal injury, in a range of cl...

    Authors: Gavin J Murphy
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:38
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  20. Transfusion practices in hospitalised patients are being re-evaluated, in part due to studies indicating adverse effects in patients receiving large quantities of stored blood. Concomitant with this re-examina...

    Authors: Mary AM Rogers, Neil Blumberg, Sanjay Saint, Kenneth M Langa and Brahmajee K Nallamothu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Pneumonia is among the main causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age. There is a need to better describe the epidemiology of viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in developing countries.

    Authors: Maria Mathisen, Tor A Strand, Biswa N Sharma, Ram K Chandyo, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Sudha Basnet, Ramesh K Adhikari, Dag Hvidsten, Prakash S Shrestha and Halvor Sommerfelt
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Septic shock is a heterogeneous syndrome within which probably exist several biological subclasses. Discovery and identification of septic shock subclasses could provide the foundation for the design of more s...

    Authors: Hector R Wong, Natalie Cvijanovich, Richard Lin, Geoffrey L Allen, Neal J Thomas, Douglas F Willson, Robert J Freishtat, Nick Anas, Keith Meyer, Paul A Checchia, Marie Monaco, Kelli Odom and Thomas P Shanley
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Despite the worldwide increasing burden of diabetes, there has been no corresponding scale-up of treatment in developing countries and limited evidence of program effectiveness. In 2002, in collaboration with ...

    Authors: Marie-Eve Raguenaud, Petros Isaakidis, Tony Reid, Say Chy, Lim Keuky, Gemma Arellano and Wim Van Damme
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the use of clinical pathways for hip and knee joint replacements when compared with standard medical care. The impact of clinical pathways was evaluated assessing the ...

    Authors: A Barbieri, K Vanhaecht, P Van Herck, W Sermeus, F Faggiano, S Marchisio and M Panella
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Unprecedented declines in invasive breast cancer rates occurred in the United States between 2001 and 2004, particularly for estrogen receptor-positive tumors among non-Hispanic white women over 50 years. To u...

    Authors: Amelia K Hausauer, Theresa HM Keegan, Ellen T Chang, Sally L Glaser, Holly Howe and Christina A Clarke
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Increasing hospital-acquired infections have generated much attention over the last decade. There is evidence that hygienic cleaning has a role in the control of hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed ...

    Authors: Stephanie J Dancer, Liza F White, Jim Lamb, E Kirsty Girvan and Chris Robertson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Mobile health clinics provide an alternative portal into the healthcare system for the medically disenfranchised, that is, people who are underinsured, uninsured or who are otherwise outside of mainstream heal...

    Authors: Nancy E Oriol, Paul J Cote, Anthony P Vavasis, Jennifer Bennet, Darien DeLorenzo, Philip Blanc and Isaac Kohane
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Varicella is a common viral disease affecting almost the entire birth cohort. Although usually self-limiting, some cases of varicella can be serious, with 2 to 6% of cases attending a general practice resultin...

    Authors: Paolo Bonanni, Judith Breuer, Anne Gershon, Michael Gershon, Waleria Hryniewicz, Vana Papaevangelou, Bernard Rentier, Hans Rümke, Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux, Jacques Senterre, Catherine Weil-Olivier and Peter Wutzler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:26
    Content type: Review Published on:

  32. Hemodialysis patients are at risk for deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of toxic trace elements, both of which can affect health. We conducted a systematic review to summarize existing literatu...

    Authors: Marcello Tonelli, Natasha Wiebe, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Scott Klarenbach, Catherine Field, Braden Manns, Ravi Thadhani and John Gill
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Contrast-induced nephropathy is the leading cause of in-hospital acute renal failure. This side effect of contrast agents leads to increased morbidity, mortality, and health costs. Ensuring adequate hydration ...

    Authors: Pascal Meier, Dennis T Ko, Akira Tamura, Umesh Tamhane and Hitinder S Gurm
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Diarrhea causes an estimated 2.5 million child deaths in developing countries each year, 35% of which are due to acute diarrhea. Zinc and copper stores in the body are known to be depleted during acute diarrhe...

    Authors: Archana Patel, Michael J Dibley, Manju Mamtani, Neetu Badhoniya and Hemant Kulkarni
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Liver fibrosis is a stage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is responsible for liver-related morbidity and mortality in adults. Accordingly, the search for non-invasive markers of liver fibros...

    Authors: Valerio Nobili, Anna Alisi, Andrea Vania, Claudio Tiribelli, Andrea Pietrobattista and Giorgio Bedogni
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Anaesthesia guidelines recommend regional anaesthesia for most caesarean sections due to the risk of failed intubation and aspiration with general anaesthesia. However, general anaesthesia is considered to be ...

    Authors: Charles S Algert, Jennifer R Bowen, Warwick B Giles, Greg E Knoblanche, Samantha J Lain and Christine L Roberts
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Rifampin is a key drug in antituberculosis chemotherapy because it rapidly kills the majority of bacilli in tuberculosis lesions, prevents relapse and thus enables 6-month short-course chemotherapy. Little is ...

    Authors: Hendrik Simon Schaaf, Marianne Willemse, Karien Cilliers, Demetre Labadarios, Johannes Stephanus Maritz, Gregory D Hussey, Helen McIlleron, Peter Smith and Peter Roderick Donald
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Colorectal cancer is generally diagnosed following a symptomatic presentation to primary care. Although the presenting features of the cancer are well described, the risks they convey are less well known. This...

    Authors: William Hamilton, Robert Lancashire, Debbie Sharp, Tim J Peters, KK Cheng and Tom Marshall
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. When this trial was initiated, the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine was licensed for subcutaneous administration in all European countries and for intramuscular administration in some countrie...

    Authors: Yves Gillet, Pirmin Habermehl, Stéphane Thomas, Cécile Eymin and Anne Fiquet
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Hepatitis B outbreaks in healthcare settings are still a serious public health concern in high-income countries. To elucidate the most frequent infection pathways and clinical settings involved, we performed a...

    Authors: Simone Lanini, Vincenzo Puro, Francesco N Lauria, Francesco M Fusco, Carla Nisii and Giuseppe Ippolito
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with mutations of the survival motor neuron gene SMN and is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy caused by degeneration of spinal m...

    Authors: Caterina Millino, Marina Fanin, Andrea Vettori, Paolo Laveder, Maria Luisa Mostacciuolo, Corrado Angelini and Gerolamo Lanfranchi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Intradermal vaccination provides direct and potentially more efficient access to the immune system via specialised dendritic cells and draining lymphatic vessels. We investigated the immunogenicity and safety ...

    Authors: Jiri Beran, Arvydas Ambrozaitis, Alvydas Laiskonis, Narseta Mickuviene, Patrick Bacart, Yvan Calozet, Etienne Demanet, Stephane Heijmans, Paul Van Belle, Françoise Weber and Camille Salamand
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Proteinuria is a defining criterion for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The amount of protein lost per day has been thought by some to predict both maternal and fetal outcome. The systematic review of 16 prima...

    Authors: G Justus Hofmeyr and Michael Belfort
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:11
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  47. Proteinuria is one of the essential criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Increasing levels of proteinuria is considered to be associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. We aim to det...

    Authors: Shakila Thangaratinam, Arri Coomarasamy, Fidelma O'Mahony, Steve Sharp, Javier Zamora, Khalid S Khan and Khaled MK Ismail
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Tumor metastases pose the greatest threat to a patient's survival, and thus, understanding the biology of disseminated cancer cells is critical for developing effective therapies.

    Authors: Zhiyuan Hu, Cheng Fan, Chad Livasy, Xiaping He, Daniel S Oh, Matthew G Ewend, Lisa A Carey, Subbaya Subramanian, Robert West, Francis Ikpatt, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, Matt van de Rijn and Charles M Perou
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Sexually transmitted infections constitute the main health risk among adolescents. In developing countries the diagnosis and treatment of cervical infections is based on the syndromic approach. In this study w...

    Authors: Eleuse MB Guimarães, Mark DC Guimarães, Maria Aparecida S Vieira, Nádia M Bontempo, Mirian SS Seixas, Mônica SD Garcia, Lyana ES Daud, Rejane LM Côrtes and Maria de Fátima C Alves
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurological disorder that affects more than 37 million people worldwide. The economic burden of Alzheimer's disease is massive; in the United States alone, the estimated d...

    Authors: Michael S Rafii and Paul S Aisen
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2009 7:7
    Content type: Minireview Published on:
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