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  1. Prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be based on the assessment of both gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (CV) risk for the individual patient. We aimed to assess the GI...

    Authors: Angel Lanas, Guillermo Garcia-Tell, Beatriz Armada and Angel Oteo-Alvaro
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:38
  2. Some areas of Africa are witnessing a malaria transition, in part due to escalated international donor support and intervention coverage. Areas where declining malaria rates have been observed are largely char...

    Authors: Emelda A Okiro, David Bitira, Gladys Mbabazi, Arthur Mpimbaza, Victor A Alegana, Ambrose O Talisuna and Robert W Snow
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:37
  3. The addition of Rituximab (R) to standard chemotherapy (C) has been reported to improve the end of treatment outcome in patients affected by CD-20 positive malignant lymphomas (CD20+ ML). Nevertheless, given t...

    Authors: Simone Lanini, Aoife C Molloy, Paul E Fine, Archibald G Prentice, Giuseppe Ippolito and Christopher C Kibbler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:36
  4. The rapidly increasing number of activity-induced musculoskeletal injuries among adolescents and young adults is currently a true public health burden. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a ...

    Authors: Jari Parkkari, Henri Taanila, Jaana Suni, Ville M Mattila, Olli Ohrankämmen, Petteri Vuorinen, Pekka Kannus and Harri Pihlajamäki
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:35
  5. Biguanides have been developed for the treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Recently, metformin, the most widely prescribed biguanide, has emerged as a potential anticancer agent. Epidemiological, p...

    Authors: Ryan JO Dowling, Pamela J Goodwin and Vuk Stambolic
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:33
  6. A study conducted by Lai and colleagues, published this week in BMC Medicine, suggests that more guidance might be required for interpreting systematic review (SR) results. In the study by Lai and colleagues, pos...

    Authors: Andrea C Tricco, Sharon E Straus and David Moher
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:31
  7. Health professions education programs use simulation for teaching and maintaining clinical procedural skills. Simulated learning activities are also becoming useful methods of instruction for interprofessional...

    Authors: Chris Kenaszchuk, Kathleen MacMillan, Mary van Soeren and Scott Reeves
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:29
  8. Despite our substantial understanding of molecular mechanisms and gene mutations involved in cancer, the technical approaches for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer are limited. In routine clinical diagnosis of...

    Authors: Callinice D Capo-chichi, Kathy Q Cai, Fiona Simpkins, Parvin Ganjei-Azar, Andrew K Godwin and Xiang-Xi Xu
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:28
  9. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex multifactorial disorder. This paper reports the prevalence of chronic fatigue (CF) and CFS in an ethnically diverse population sample and tests whether prevalence va...

    Authors: Kamaldeep S Bhui, Sokratis Dinos, Deborah Ashby, James Nazroo, Simon Wessely and Peter D White
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:26
  10. Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue is an active endocrine and paracrine organ secreting several mediators called adipokines. Adipokines include hormones, inflammatory cytokines and other proteins. I...

    Authors: Nele Maenhaut and Johan Van de Voorde
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:25
  11. 'Gut health' is a term increasingly used in the medical literature and by the food industry. It covers multiple positive aspects of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as the effective digestion and absorpti...

    Authors: Stephan C Bischoff
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:24
  12. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Gluten-sensitive individuals (GS) cannot tolerate gluten and may develop gastrointestinal symptoms similar to those in CD,...

    Authors: Anna Sapone, Karen M Lammers, Vincenzo Casolaro, Marcella Cammarota, Maria Teresa Giuliano, Mario De Rosa, Rosita Stefanile, Giuseppe Mazzarella, Carlo Tolone, Maria Itria Russo, Pasquale Esposito, Franca Ferraraccio, Maria Cartenì, Gabriele Riegler, Laura de Magistris and Alessio Fasano
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:23
  13. Several studies have reported hypoperfusion of the brain parenchyma in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We hypothesized a possible relationship between abnormal perfusion in MS and hampered venous outflow at ...

    Authors: Paolo Zamboni, Erica Menegatti, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Michael G Dwyer, Claudiu V Schirda, Anna M Malagoni, David Hojnacki, Cheryl Kennedy, Ellen Carl, Niels Bergsland, Christopher Magnano, Ilaria Bartolomei, Fabrizio Salvi and Robert Zivadinov
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:22
  14. Cerebral microdialysis (MD) is used to monitor local brain chemistry of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite an extensive literature on cerebral MD in the clinical setting, it remains unclear ho...

    Authors: David W Nelson, Björn Thornquist, Robert M MacCallum, Harriet Nyström, Anders Holst, Anders Rudehill, Michael Wanecek, Bo-Michael Bellander and Eddie Weitzberg
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:21
  15. Truth claims in the medical literature rely heavily on statistical significance testing. Unfortunately, most physicians misunderstand the underlying probabilistic logic of significance tests and consequently o...

    Authors: M Brandon Westover, Kenneth D Westover and Matt T Bianchi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:20
  16. Mucin 4 (MUC4) plays an important role in protecting and lubricating the epithelial surface of reproductive tracts, but its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is largely unknown.

    Authors: Cherry Yin-Yi Chang, Hui-Wen Chang, Chih-Mei Chen, Chia-Ying Lin, Chih-Ping Chen, Chih-Ho Lai, Wei-Yong Lin, Hsing-Ping Liu, Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu and Fuu-Jen Tsai
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:19
  17. Complex neurodevelopmental disorders may be characterized by subtle brain function signatures early in life before behavioral symptoms are apparent. Such endophenotypes may be measurable biomarkers for later c...

    Authors: William Bosl, Adrienne Tierney, Helen Tager-Flusberg and Charles Nelson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:18
  18. Until fairly recently, medical publications have been handicapped by being restricted to non-electronic formats, effectively preventing the dissemination of complex audiovisual and three-dimensional data. Howe...

    Authors: Alexander Ziegler, Daniel Mietchen, Cornelius Faber, Wolfram von Hausen, Christoph Schöbel, Markus Sellerer and Andreas Ziegler
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:17
  19. Differences in sex hormone levels among populations might contribute to the variation in breast cancer incidence across countries. Previous studies have shown higher breast cancer incidence and mortality among...

    Authors: Motoki Iwasaki, Yoshio Kasuga, Shiro Yokoyama, Hiroshi Onuma, Hideki Nishimura, Ritsu Kusama, Gerson Shigeaki Hamada, Ines Nobuko Nishimoto, Maria do Socorro Maciel, Juvenal Motola Jr, Fábio Martins Laginha, Roberto Anzai and Shoichiro Tsugane
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:16
  20. A large number of scientists from a wide range of medical and surgical disciplines have reported on the existence and characteristics of the clinical syndrome of pelvic girdle pain during or after pregnancy. T...

    Authors: Nikolaos K Kanakaris, Craig S Roberts and Peter V Giannoudis
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:15
  21. The hunt for the genetic contributors to complex disease has used a number of strategies, resulting in the identification of variants associated with many of the common diseases affecting society. However most...

    Authors: Matthew A Deardorff, Jesus Sainz and Struan FA Grant
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:13
  22. During gene conversion, genetic information is transferred unidirectionally between highly homologous but non-allelic regions of DNA. While germ-line gene conversion has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ...

    Authors: Kenneth Andrew Ross
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:12
  23. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ischemia is the leading cause of AKI, and short of supportive measures, no currently available therapy can effectiv...

    Authors: Raj Munshi, Christine Hsu and Jonathan Himmelfarb
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:11
  24. Colon cancer is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for stage III colon cancer has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is current...

    Authors: Christos A Papadimitriou, Pavlos Papakostas, Maria Karina, Lia Malettou, Meletios A Dimopoulos, George Pentheroudakis, Epaminontas Samantas, Aristotelis Bamias, Dimosthenis Miliaras, George Basdanis, Nikolaos Xiros, George Klouvas, Dimitrios Bafaloukos, Georgia Kafiri, Irene Papaspirou, Dimitrios Pectasides…
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:10
  25. Focal adhesion (FA) family genes have been studied as candidate genes for osteoporosis, but the results of genetic association studies (GASs) are controversial. To clarify these data, a systematic assessment o...

    Authors: Elias Zintzaras, Chrysoula Doxani, Theocharis Koufakis, Alkibiadis Kastanis, Paraskevi Rodopoulou and Theofilos Karachalios
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:9
  26. Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal problem that is often chronic or recurrent. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) cause shoulder pain and are prevalent in patients with shoulder pain. However, few studie...

    Authors: Carel Bron, Arthur de Gast, Jan Dommerholt, Boudewijn Stegenga, Michel Wensing and Rob AB Oostendorp
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:8
  27. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to become a major cause of death worldwide. Studies on the variability in the estimates of key epidemiological parameters of COPD may contribute to bet...

    Authors: Kokuvi Atsou, Christos Chouaid and Gilles Hejblum
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:7
  28. The Chinese government has provided health services to those infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) under the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) care policy since 2003. Detailed research on ...

    Authors: Feng Zhou, Gerald F Kominski, Han-Zhu Qian, Jiansheng Wang, Song Duan, Zhiwei Guo and Xinping Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:6
  29. Persistent disabilities are key manifestations of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection, especially incapacitating polyarthralgia and fatigue. So far, little is known about their impact on health status. The pre...

    Authors: Patrick Gérardin, Adrian Fianu, Denis Malvy, Corinne Mussard, Karim Boussaïd, Olivier Rollot, Alain Michault, Bernard-Alex Gaüzere, Gérard Bréart and François Favier
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:5
  30. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly prescribed disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis. ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1) and 27-Hydroxylase (HY27) are known antiathe...

    Authors: Der-Yuan Chen, Hui-Min Chih, Joung-Liang Lan, Hsin-Yueh Chang, Wei-Wen Chen and En-Pei Isabel Chiang
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:4
  31. Dual antiplatelet therapy using acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) and clopidogrel is of great importance following coronary stenting. However, the variable platelet inhibitory effectiveness compromises the a...

    Authors: Horst Neubauer, Andreas FC Kaiser, Heinz G Endres, Jan C Krüger, Andreas Engelhardt, Sebastian Lask, Fenena Pepinghege, Andreas Kusber and Andreas Mügge
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:3
  32. Health disparities and the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease continue to be perplexing worldwide health challenges. This study addresses the possibility that genetic differences affecting the biology o...

    Authors: P Wei, LC Milbauer, J Enenstein, J Nguyen, W Pan and RP Hebbel
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:2
  33. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication during and after a hospital admission. Although it is mainly considered a complication of surgery, it often occurs in people who have not undergone surgery...

    Authors: Sreeram V Ramagopalan, Clare J Wotton, Adam E Handel, David Yeates and Michael J Goldacre
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2011 9:1
  34. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a popular class of antidepressants, may increase breast cancer risk by stimulating the secretion of prolactin, a potential tumour promoter. We evaluated the eff...

    Authors: JE Ashbury, LE Lévesque, PA Beck and KJ Aronson
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:90
  35. In view of the growing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide, there is an urgent need for the development of better diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic interventions. At the earliest sta...

    Authors: Orestes V Forlenza, Breno S Diniz and Wagner F Gattaz
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:89
  36. Obesity is a complex disease with multiple well-defined risk factors. Nevertheless, susceptibility to obesity and its sequelae within obesogenic environments varies greatly from one person to the next, suggest...

    Authors: Paul W Franks and Charlotte Ling
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:88
  37. Despite evidence linking obesity to impaired immune function, little is known about the specific mechanisms. Because of emerging evidence that immune responses are epigenetically regulated, we hypothesized tha...

    Authors: Xiaoling Wang, Haidong Zhu, Harold Snieder, Shaoyong Su, David Munn, Gregory Harshfield, Bernard L Maria, Yanbin Dong, Frank Treiber, Bernard Gutin and Huidong Shi
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:87
  38. Endoglin is involved in the regulation of endothelial function, but there are no studies concerning its relation with hypertension- and diabetes-associated pathologies. Thus, we studied the relationship betwee...

    Authors: Ana M Blázquez-Medela, Luis García-Ortiz, Manuel A Gómez-Marcos, José I Recio-Rodríguez, Angel Sánchez-Rodríguez, José M López-Novoa and Carlos Martínez-Salgado
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:86
  39. Although extensive research exists on informal long-term care, little work has examined the clinical significance of transitions in family caregiving due to a lack of established clinical cut-points on key mea...

    Authors: Joseph E Gaugler, Mary S Mittelman, Kenneth Hepburn and Robert Newcomer
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:85
  40. Nanooncology, the application of nanobiotechnology to the management of cancer, is currently the most important chapter of nanomedicine. Nanobiotechnology has refined and extended the limits of molecular diagn...

    Authors: KK Jain
    Citation: BMC Medicine 2010 8:83